{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:47:17Z","timestamp":1773276437946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study, that aimed: a) to compare immune response, namely the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer\/BioNTech) between patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and controls, and b) to investigate changes in thyroid function in healthy subjects with no history of thyroid dysfunction before and after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer\/BioNTech).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The entire study consisted of two sub-studies. In the first sub-study, NAbs levels after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were compared between 56 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 56 age and gender-matched healthy controls from the day of the first dose until a period of up to three months after the second dose. In the second sub-study, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) and thyroid auto-antibodies levels (anti-TG, anti-TPO) of 72 healthy subjects with no history of thyroid disease were examined before (D1) and one month after completion of the second dose (D50).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, the median neutralizing inhibition on D22, immediately before second dose, was 62.5%. One month later (D50), values increased to 96.7%, while three months after the second dose NAbs titers remained almost the same (94.5%). In the healthy group, median NAbs levels at D22 were 53.6%. On D50 the median inhibition values increased to 95.1%, while after three months they were 89.2%. The statistical analysis did not show significant differences between two groups (p-values 0.164, 0.390, 0.105 for D22, D50 and three months). Regarding changes in thyroid function, the mean value for T4 before vaccination was 89.797 nmol\/L and one month after the second dose was 89.11 nmol\/L (p-value=0.649). On D1 the mean T3 value was 1.464 nmol\/L, which dropped to 1.389 nmol\/L on D50 (p-value = 0.004). For TSH, mean levels were 2.064 mIU\/ml on D1 and fell to 1.840 mIU\/ml one month after the second dose (p-value=0.037). Despite decrease, all thyroid hormone levels remained within the normal range. No changes were found for anti-TPO or anti-TG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided evidence that patients with autoimmune thyroiditis present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer\/BioNTech) with healthy subjects, while vaccination may affect thyroid function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.840668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T06:34:40Z","timestamp":1645511680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis Present Similar Immunological Response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine With Healthy Subjects, While Vaccination May Affect Thyroid Function: A Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stavroula A.","family":"Paschou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vangelis","family":"Karalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Psaltopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Charitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Bagratuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Ktena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Papandroulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sentiljana","family":"Gumeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia N.","family":"Kassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis P.","family":"Trougakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Terpos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meletios A.","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2409","article-title":"The Incidence and Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Europe: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"99","author":"Garmendia Madariaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-021-00335-w","article-title":"Use of Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Patients: A 2020 THESIS Questionnaire Survey of Members of the Hellenic Endocrine Society","volume":"21","author":"Paschou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09569-2","article-title":"Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"21","author":"Marazuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0184","article-title":"Early and Late Endocrine Complications of COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Kazakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqab004","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab004","article-title":"Potential Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Thyroid: A Review","volume":"162","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0363","article-title":"Thyroid Function Analysis in 50 Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30266-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-Related Atypical Thyroiditis","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03967-9","article-title":"Characteristics of Laboratory Indexes in COVID-19 Patients With Non-Severe Symptoms in Hefei City, China: Diagnostic Value in Organ Injuries","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 113 Deceased Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Retrospective Study","volume":"368","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0335","article-title":"Thyrotoxicosis in Patients With COVID-19: The THYRCOV Study","volume":"183","author":"Lania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa276","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa276","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection","volume":"105","author":"Brancatella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02294-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and Endocrine Diseases. A Statement From the European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"68","author":"Puig-Domingo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM","article-title":"COVID-19 and Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases","volume":"72","author":"Puig-Domingo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab373","article-title":"Three Cases of Subacute Thyroiditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Postvaccination ASIA Syndrome","volume":"106","author":"\u0130remli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e244711","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244711","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis After Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine","volume":"14","author":"Sayg\u0131l\u0131","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1947102","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination in a 67-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report","volume":"1","author":"\u015eahin Tekin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16045","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16045","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis After Receiving the Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)","volume":"13","author":"Oyibo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01681-7","article-title":"Post-COVID-Vaccine Autoimmune\/Inflammatory Syndrome in Response to Adjuvants (ASIA Syndrome) Manifesting as Subacute Thyroiditis","volume":"45","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.737142","article-title":"Case Report: Two Cases of Subacute Thyroiditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination","volume":"8","author":"Bornemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04812","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4812","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Soltanpoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab048.1954","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis After mRNA Vaccine for Covid-19","volume":"5","author":"Franquemont","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0184","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: Thyroiditis and Thyrotoxicosis After the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Schimmel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.10.008","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccination and a Severe Pain in the Neck. COVID-19 Vaccination and a Severe Pain in the Neck","volume":"94","author":"Kyriacou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2021.100136","article-title":"Thyroiditis Following Vaccination Against COVID-19: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature","volume":"12","author":"Siolos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-021-00332-z","article-title":"Subacute Thyroiditis After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Report of Two Sisters and Summary of the Literature","volume":"21","author":"Chatzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0142","article-title":"Two Cases of Graves' Disease Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: An Autoimmune\/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants","volume":"31","author":"Vera-Lastra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01650-0","article-title":"Two Further Cases of Graves' Disease Following SARS-Cov-2 Vaccination","volume":"3","author":"Zettinig","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02919-3","article-title":"Occurrence and Response to Treatment of Graves' Disease After COVID Vaccination in Two Male Patients","volume":"2","author":"di Filippo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3390\/life11101077","article-title":"Robust Neutralizing Antibody Responses 6 Months Post Vaccination With BNT162b2: A Prospective Study in 308 Healthy Individuals","volume":"11","author":"Terpos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0029","article-title":"Thyroid Hormone Alterations in Critically and Non-Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"10","author":"Vassiliadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00225-9","article-title":"Thyroid Function in Critically Ill Patients","volume":"3","author":"Fliers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.840668\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T06:34:42Z","timestamp":1645511682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.840668\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.840668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.840668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"article-number":"840668"}}