{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:05Z","timestamp":1791240185360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Kom op tegen Kanker","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G040921N, G010918N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G040921N, G010918N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the growing number of young patients at risk of germ cell loss, there is a need to preserve spermatogonial stem cells for patients who are not able to bank spermatozoa. Worldwide, more and more clinics are implementing testicular tissue (TT) banking programs, making it a novel, yet indispensable, discipline in the field of fertility preservation. Previously, TT cryopreservation was predominantly offered to young cancer patients before starting gonadotoxic chemo- or radiotherapy. Nowadays, most centers also bank TT from patients with non-malignant conditions who need gonadotoxic conditioning therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Additionally, some centers include patients who suffer from genetic or developmental disorders associated with prepubertal germ cell loss or patients who already had a previous round of chemo- or radiotherapy. It is important to note that the surgical removal of TT is an invasive procedure. Moreover, TT cryopreservation is still considered experimental as restoration methods are not yet clinically available. For this reason, TT banking should preferably only be offered to patients who are at significant risk of becoming infertile. In our view, TT cryopreservation is recommended for young cancer patients in need of high-risk chemo- and\/or radiotherapy, regardless of previous low-risk treatment. Likewise, TT banking is advised for patients with non-malignant disorders such as sickle cell disease, beta-thalassemia, and bone marrow failure, who need high-risk conditioning therapy before HSCT\/BMT. TT retrieval during orchidopexy is also proposed for patients with bilateral cryptorchidism. Since patients with a medium- to low-risk treatment generally maintain their fertility, TT banking is not advised for this group. Also for Klinefelter patients, TT banking is not recommended as it does not give better outcomes than a testicular sperm extraction later in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.854186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T11:59:50Z","timestamp":1646913590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Testicular Tissue Banking for Fertility Preservation in Young Boys: Which Patients Should Be Included?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Delgouffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Braye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f87c4b","article-title":"Reproductive Outcomes for Survivors of Childhood Cancer","volume":"116","author":"Hudson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2016.03.007","article-title":"The SIOPE Strategic Plan: A European Cancer Plan for Children and Adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Vassal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer Policy"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0382","article-title":"Cancer Treatment in Childhood and Testicular Function: The Importance of the Somatic Environment","volume":"7","author":"Stukenborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.6938","article-title":"Male Reproductive Health After Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers: A Report From the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"30","author":"Kenney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.10.010","article-title":"Basic and Clinical Approaches for Fertility Preservation and Restoration in Cancer Patients","author":"Medrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1620","article-title":"Impact of Cancer and Cancer Treatment on Male Fertility","volume":"14","author":"Vakalopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp054","article-title":"Options for Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal Boys","volume":"16","author":"Wyns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.147","article-title":"Fertility Preservation Issues in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Practical Approaches From the Consensus of the Pediatric Diseases Working Party of the EBMT and the International BFM Study Group","volume":"52","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.09.159","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Pediatric Patients: Current State and Future Possibilities","volume":"198","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev190","article-title":"A European Perspective on Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal and Adolescent Boys","volume":"30","author":"Picton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaa016","article-title":"Fertility Preservation in Boys: Recent Developments and New Insights \u2020","volume":"2020","author":"Goossens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1159\/000516087","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Prepubertal Patients at Risk of Infertility: Present Status and Future Perspectives","volume":"93","author":"Pampanini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2914","article-title":"Autologous Grafting of Cryopreserved Prepubertal Rhesus Testis Produces Sperm and Offspring","volume":"363","author":"Fayomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.07.017","article-title":"Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation Into Rhesus Testes Regenerates Spermatogenesis Producing Functional Sperm","volume":"11","author":"Hermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep213","article-title":"DNA Methylation Patterns of Spermatozoa and Two Generations of Offspring Obtained After Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Goossens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.531","article-title":"Impact of Restoring Male Fertility With Transplantation of In Vitro Propagated Spermatogonial Stem Cells on the Health of Their Offspring Throughout Life","volume":"11","author":"Serrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1478","article-title":"In Vitro Production of Fertile Sperm From Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cell Lines","volume":"2","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12741","article-title":"In-Vitro Spermatogenesis Through Testis Modelling: Toward the Generation of Testicular Organoids","volume":"8","author":"Richer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa050","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Prepubertal Boys: Lessons Learned From the Past and Update on Remaining Challenges Towards Clinical Translation","volume":"27","author":"Wyns","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00039-X","article-title":"Cancer Treatment and Gonadal Function: Experimental and Established Strategies for Fertility Preservation in Children and Young Adults","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25078","article-title":"Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation in Prepubertal Male Children: An Analysis of Parental Decision-Making","volume":"61","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13377","article-title":"A Short Report on Current Fertility Preservation Strategies for Boys","volume":"87","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex306","article-title":"Development of the Testis in Pre-Pubertal Boys With Cancer After Biopsy for Fertility Preservation","volume":"32","author":"Uijldert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.02.016","article-title":"Cryopreservation of Testicular Tissue in Pre-Pubertal and Adolescent Boys at Risk for Infertility: A Low Risk Procedure","volume":"14","author":"Ming","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez043","article-title":"Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation: 8 Years of Experience From a Coordinated Network of Academic Centers","volume":"34","author":"Valli-Pulaski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28507","article-title":"A Prospective Study on the Long-Term Outcome of Prepubertal and Pubertal Boys Undergoing Testicular Biopsy for Fertility Preservation Prior to Hematologic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"67","author":"Borgstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa281","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-Up of Boys Who Have Undergone a Testicular Biopsy for Fertility Preservation","volume":"36","author":"Kanbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.12.6097","article-title":"Diagnosis of Hidden Central Hypothyroidism in Survivors of Childhood Cancer 1","volume":"84","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7933","article-title":"Anterior Hypopituitarism in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancers Treated With Cranial Radiotherapy: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Chemaitilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01058.x","article-title":"High Risk of Azoospermia in Men Treated for Childhood Cancer","volume":"34","author":"Romerius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2124-5","article-title":"Gonadal Status in Long-Term Male Survivors of Childhood Cancer","volume":"142","author":"Brignardello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.11.06","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Boys and Adolescents Facing Sterilizing Medical Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Hussein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46760-9","article-title":"Gonadal Function in Men With Testis Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Berthelsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012464703805","article-title":"Male Gonadal Dysfunction in Patients With Hodgkin\u2019s Disease Prior to Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Rueffer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90017-8","article-title":"Testicular Dysfunction in Hodgkin\u2019s Disease Before and After Treatment","volume":"27","author":"Viviani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008353728560","article-title":"Semen Analysis and Cryoconservation Before Treatment in Hodgkin\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Fitoussi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.11.024","article-title":"Sperm Cryopreservation for Male Patients With Cancer: An Epidemiological Analysis at the University of Pennsylvania","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-016-0031-x","article-title":"Semen Quality of 4480 Young Cancer and Systemic Disease Patients: Baseline Data and Clinical Considerations","volume":"26","author":"Auger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2015.33.1.8","article-title":"Semen Analysis in Cancer Patients Referred for Sperm Cryopreservation Before Chemotherapy Over a 15-Year Period in Korea","volume":"33","author":"Ku","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990501)85:9<1973::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Cryopreservation of Sperm From Patients With Leukemia","volume":"85","author":"Hallak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44054-7","article-title":"Endocrine and Exocrine Profiles of Men With Testicular Tumors Before Orchiectomy","volume":"137","author":"Carroll","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.016","article-title":"Semen Quality in Men With Disseminated Testicular Cancer: Relation With Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta-Subunit and Pituitary Gonadal Hormones","volume":"91","author":"de Bruin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890815)64:4<956::AID-CNCR2820640431>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Germ Cell Function and Hormonal Status in Patients With Testicular Cancer","volume":"64","author":"Hansen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"e19387","article-title":"Unexpected Role of \u03b1-Fetoprotein in Spermatogenesis","volume-title":"PLoS One","author":"Yazama","year":"2011"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2010.02484.x","article-title":"Male Infertility in Cancer Patients: Review of the Literature","volume":"17","author":"Dohle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1533126","article-title":"Leukemia and Male Infertility: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"60","author":"Michailov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-017-0643-y","article-title":"Sexual Function in Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Stanton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00196","article-title":"Long-Term Follow Up of the Erectile Function of Testicular Cancer Survivors","volume":"10","author":"Pallotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12268","article-title":"Effect of Psychological Stress on Fertility Hormones and Seminal Quality in Male Partners of Infertile Couples","volume":"47","author":"Bhongade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000067835","article-title":"Impact of Cancer Therapy on the Reproductive Axis","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21780","article-title":"Effect of Childhood Cancer Treatment on Fertility Markers in Adult Male Long-Term Survivors","volume":"52","author":"van Casteren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70408-5","article-title":"Cumulative Alkylating Agent Exposure and Semen Parameters in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.486","article-title":"Long-Term Effects of Irradiation Before Adulthood on Reproductive Function in the Male Rhesus Monkey1","volume":"66","author":"de Rooij","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.09.007","article-title":"Testicular Function and Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients","volume":"25","author":"Jahnukainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.57.4.287","article-title":"Gonadal Function After Combination Chemotherapy for Hodgkin\u2019s Disease in Childhood","volume":"57","author":"Whitehead","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205223","article-title":"Oncofertility: Pharmacological Protection and Immature Testicular Tissue (ITT)-Based Strategies for Prepubertal and Adolescent Male Cancer Patients","volume":"20","author":"Ntemou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000162","article-title":"Progress and Prospects for Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal Boys With Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Gies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70092-9","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Young Patients With Cancer: Who is at Risk and What can be Offered","volume":"6","author":"Wallace","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.05.026","article-title":"The Pituitary-Leydig Cell Axis Before and After Orchiectomy in Patients With Stage I Testicular Cancer","volume":"47","author":"Bandak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.2715","article-title":"Longitudinal Serum Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels in a Population-Based Sample of Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors","volume":"32","author":"Sprauten","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199417000168","article-title":"Influence of Gonadotropins on Ovarian Follicle Growth and Development In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"25","author":"Filatov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.3839","article-title":"Improving Male Reproductive Health After Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: Progress and Future Directions for Survivorship Research","volume":"36","author":"Kenney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v89i2-S.7082","article-title":"Hypogonadism in Male Thalassemia Major Patients: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"89","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Amjad","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03060-1","article-title":"Sertoli Cell Maturation in Men With Azoospermia of Different Etiologies","volume":"77","author":"Maymon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-911X(200007)35:1<52::AID-MPO9>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Gonadal and Sexual Function in Men Treated for Childhood Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Relander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041454","article-title":"Exposure to Chemotherapy During Childhood or Adulthood and Consequences on Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility","volume":"21","author":"Delessard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0221","article-title":"How Does Chemotherapy Treatment Damage the Prepubertal Testis","volume":"156","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.03.085","article-title":"Semen Quality in Men With Malignant Diseases Before and After Therapy and the Role of Cryopreservation","volume":"52","author":"Trottmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30582-9","article-title":"Fertility Preservation for Male Patients With Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: Recommendations From the PanCareLIFE Consortium and the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group","volume":"22","author":"Mulder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.76","article-title":"Decreased Spermatogonial Quantity in Prepubertal Boys With Leukaemia Treated With Alkylating Agents","volume":"31","author":"Poganitsch-Korhonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860601166958","article-title":"Gonadal Dysfunction and Fertility Problems in Cancer Survivors","volume":"46","author":"Bryd\u00f8y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oncol (Madr)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30026-8","article-title":"Recommendations for Gonadotoxicity Surveillance in Male Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Report From the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group in Collaboration With the PanCareSurFup Consort","volume":"18","author":"Skinner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey240","article-title":"Spermatogonial Quantity in Human Prepubertal Testicular Tissue Collected for Fertility Preservation Prior to Potentially Sterilizing Therapy","volume":"33","author":"Stukenborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00357-6","article-title":"Histologic Analysis of Testes From Prepubertal Patients Treated With Chemotherapy Associates Impaired Germ Cell Counts With Cumulative Doses of Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Cytarabine, and Asparaginase","volume":"28","author":"Medrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2001.00260.x","article-title":"Infancy is Not a Quiescent Period of Testicular Development","volume":"24","author":"Chemes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1990.8.12.1981","article-title":"Effects of Radiation on Testicular Function in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Children Cancer Study Group","volume":"8","author":"Sklar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2307\/3574084","article-title":"Effect of Graded Doses of Ionizing Radiation on the Human Testis","volume":"59","author":"Rowley","year":"1974","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1994.tb00507.x","article-title":"Effect of Low-Dose Testicular Irradiation on Sperm Count and Fertility in Patients With Testicular Seminoma","volume":"15","author":"Centola","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197309)32:3<692::AID-CNCR2820320323>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Aspermia Following Lower Truncal Irradiation in Hodgkin\u2019s Disease","volume":"32","author":"Speiser","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1987.tb06163.x","article-title":"The Effect of Total Body Irradiation and Bone Marrow Transplantation During Childhood and Adolescence on Growth and Endocrine Function","volume":"67","author":"Leiper","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24970","article-title":"Adult Testicular Volume Predicts Spermatogenetic Recovery After Allogeneic HSCT in Childhood and Adolescence","volume":"61","author":"Wilhelmsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-20","article-title":"Inhibin B and Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone as Markers of Gonadal Function After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation During Childhood","volume":"11","author":"Laporte","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der160","article-title":"Testicular Recovery After Irradiation Differs in Prepubertal and Pubertal non-Human Primates, and can be Enhanced by Autologous Germ Cell Transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Jahnukainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1200161","article-title":"Vulnerability of the Human Leydig Cell to Radiation Damage is Dependent Upon Age","volume":"120","author":"Shalet","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01260.x","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Hypopituitarism is Dose-Dependent","volume":"31","author":"Littley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000207607","article-title":"Hypopituitarism Following Radiotherapy Revisited","volume":"15","author":"Darzy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-016-1587-9","article-title":"SEOM Clinical Guideline of Fertility Preservation and Reproduction in Cancer Patients (2016)","volume":"18","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000207616","article-title":"Alterations in Pubertal Timing Following Therapy for Childhood Malignancies","volume":"15","author":"Armstrong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13497","article-title":"Gonadal Function and Fertility After Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood: Comparison of a Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen Containing Melphalan With a Myeloablative Regimen Containing Busulfan","volume":"170","author":"Panasiuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.78","article-title":"Fertility After Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Adolescence","volume":"47","author":"Borgmann-Staudt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt457","article-title":"Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation to Restore Fertility: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"5","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3237","article-title":"Combining Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Cancer Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Vanneman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-019-09819-z","article-title":"Immunotherapies for Pediatric Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives","volume":"38","author":"Hutzen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.21","article-title":"State-Of-the-Art Fertility Preservation in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Report on the Expert Meeting of the Paediatric Diseases Working Party (PDWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant","volume":"52","author":"Dalle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey025","article-title":"A Diagnostic Germ Cell Score for Immature Testicular Tissue at Risk of Germ Cell Loss","volume":"33","author":"Heckmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000156","article-title":"Testicular Function and Fertility Preservation After Treatment for Haematological Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Jahnukainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B98","article-title":"A National Register for Surveillance of Inherited Disorders: Beta Thalassaemia in the United Kingdom","volume":"79","author":"Modell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.2014.0311","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Sickle Cell Disease: Problems and Solutions","volume":"32","author":"\u00d6zdo\u011fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish J Hematol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.213207","article-title":"Long-Term Event-Free Survival, Chimerism and Fertility Outcomes in 234 Patients With Sickle-Cell Anemia Younger Than 30 Years After Myeloablative Conditioning and Matched-Sibling Transplantation in France","volume":"105","author":"Bernaudin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12447","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease: State of the Science","volume":"94","author":"Talano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.75.3.199","article-title":"Pain, Quality of Life, and Coping in Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"75","author":"Fuggle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7299-9_4","article-title":"Allogeneic\/Matched Related Transplantation for \u03b2-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia","volume":"1013","author":"Bernaudin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90525-0","article-title":"Fertility in Males With Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"2","author":"Osegbe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021386","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i4.11917","article-title":"The Effects of Treatment With Blood Transfusion, Iron Chelation and Hydroxyurea on Puberty, Growth and Spermatogenesis in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): A Short Update","volume":"92","author":"Soliman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta BioMed"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11515","article-title":"Influence of Sickle Cell Disease and Treatment With Hydroxyurea on Sperm Parameters and Fertility of Human Males","volume":"93","author":"Berthaut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474086.2014.959922","article-title":"Hydroxyurea Therapy Contributes to Infertility in Adult Men With Sickle Cell Disease: A Review","volume":"7","author":"DeBaun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-577619","article-title":"Reproductive Issues in Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"124","author":"Smith-Whitley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/45.1.23","article-title":"Growth and Pubertal Development in Transfusion-Dependent Children and Adolescents With Thalassaemia Major and Sickle Cell Disease: A Comparative Study","volume":"45","author":"Soliman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0009","article-title":"The Effects of Opioids and Opioid Analogs on Animal and Human Endocrine Systems","volume":"31","author":"Vuong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B111","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in Young Adult Patients With Beta-Thalassaemia Major Long-Term Treated With Desferrioxamine","volume":"156","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Georgian Med News"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-146852","article-title":"How I Use Hydroxyurea to Treat Young Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia","volume":"115","author":"Ware","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev238","article-title":"Is the Protein Expression Window During Testicular Development Affected in Patients at Risk for Stem Cell Loss","volume":"30","author":"Van Saen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008146","article-title":"Hydroxyurea Does Not Affect the Spermatogonial Pool in Prepubertal Patients With Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"137","author":"Gille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006270","article-title":"Effect of Hydroxyurea Exposure Before Puberty on Sperm Parameters in Males With Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"137","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279253","article-title":"Early Testicular Maturation is Sensitive to Depletion of Spermatogonial Pool in Sickle Cell Disease","author":"Benninghoven-Frey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002202","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002202.pub2","article-title":"Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide) for Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"2017","author":"Nevitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.018","article-title":"Identifying at-Risk Populations: Are We Simply Not Doing Enough Fertility Preservation Procedures","volume":"110","author":"Flisser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13474.CR","article-title":"Successful Fertility Restoration After Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Gharwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10773","article-title":"High Prevalence of Endocrine Dysfunction in Long-Term Survivors After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Diseases","volume":"95","author":"Tauchmanov\u00e0","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a011825","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011825","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia","volume":"2","author":"Lucarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183467","article-title":"Late Effects After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for \u03b2-Thalassemia Major: The French National Experience","volume":"103","author":"Rahal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00071-6","article-title":"Indicators of Male Fertility Potential in Adult Patients With Beta-Thalassemia Major: A Comparative Study Between Patients Undergone Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and Transfusion-Dependent Patients","volume":"6","author":"Rostami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Res Pract"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.296","article-title":"Effect of Iron Overload on Impaired Fertility in Male Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Beta-Thalassemia","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05589.x","article-title":"Critical Appraisal of Growth Retardation and Pubertal Disturbances in Thalassemia","volume":"1202","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2017.1398080","article-title":"Gonadal Dysfunction in Adult Male Patients With Thalassemia Major: An Update for Clinicians Caring for Thalassemia","volume":"10","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2016.1190869","article-title":"Thalassemia and Infertility","volume":"19","author":"Castaldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360235","article-title":"Thalassemia Major and Sickle Cell Disease in Adolescents and Young Adults","volume":"132","author":"Yacobovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.287","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcome Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Thalassemia Major","volume":"52","author":"Santarone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-502658","article-title":"Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life Evaluated More Than 20 Years After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Thalassemia","volume":"122","author":"La Nasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.01.009","article-title":"Current Results and Future Research Priorities in Late Effects After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia: A Consensus Statement From the Second Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Inte","volume":"23","author":"Shenoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2009.01.003","article-title":"Aplastic Anaemia and Bone Marrow Failure","volume":"37","author":"Gordon-Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47913-4.00005-7","article-title":"Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"In: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology, Hematopathology (Third Edition)"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a001123","article-title":"Bone Marrow Failure","volume":"76","author":"Drexler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413485","article-title":"Aplastic Anemia","volume":"379","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.063","article-title":"Late Mortality After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Childhood for Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes and Severe Aplastic Anemia","volume":"25","author":"Holmqvist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00008","article-title":"Outcome of Pregnancy and Disease Course Among Women With Aplastic Anemia Treated With Immunosuppression","volume":"137","author":"Tichelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-0948-8","article-title":"Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children With Acquired Bone Marrow Failure: Fludarabine\/Melphalan vs. Fludarabine\/Cyclophosphamide","volume":"55","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2018.12.007","article-title":"The Fanconi Anemia Pathway and Fertility","volume":"35","author":"Tsui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4357","article-title":"Endocrine Disorders in Fanconi Anemia: Recommendations for Screening and Treatment","volume":"100","author":"Petryk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00433","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Inborn Errors of Metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-704015","article-title":"Treosulfan-Based Conditioning for Allogeneic HSCT in Children With Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Multicenter Experience","volume":"128","author":"Morillo-Gutierrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/shem.2002.31913","article-title":"Kostmann Syndrome and Severe Congenital Neutropenia","volume":"39","author":"Zeidler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200204040-00004","article-title":"Treatment Options for Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Carre\u00f1o","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.155544","article-title":"Undescended Testicle: An Update on Fertility in Cryptorchid Men","volume":"141","author":"Goel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2004.04.009","article-title":"Cryptorchidism: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Prognosis","volume":"31","author":"Kolon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30254-2","article-title":"Association Between Male Genital Anomalies and Adult Male Reproductive Disorders: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study Spanning More Than 40 Years","volume":"2","author":"Schneuer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Heal"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67029-0","article-title":"Quantitative Histology of Germ Cells in the Undescended Testes of Human Fetuses, Neonates and Infants","volume":"154","author":"Cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06274-2","article-title":"The Importance of Both an Early Orchidopexy and Germ Cell Maturation for Fertility","volume":"358","author":"Hadziselimovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1089","article-title":"The Regulation of Testicular Descent and the Effects of Cryptorchidism","volume":"34","author":"Hutson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.12.013","article-title":"Mouse Germ Cell Development: From Specification to Sex Determination","volume":"323","author":"Ewen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2019.01438","article-title":"Comparison of Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines for Undescended Testis","volume":"63","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(01)00040-9","article-title":"Cryptorchidism, Its Impact on Male Fertility","volume":"41","author":"Hadziselimovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2768","article-title":"Age at Surgery and Outcomes of an Undescended Testis","volume":"137","author":"Schneuer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005","article-title":"Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism: AUA Guideline","volume":"192","author":"Kolon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.07.014","article-title":"Management of Undescended Testes: European Association of Urology\/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines","volume":"12","author":"Radmayr","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01788.x","article-title":"Histological Evidences Suggest Recommending Orchiopexy Within the First Year of Life for Children With Unilateral Inguinal Cryptorchid Testis","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15325.x","article-title":"Histology of Testicular Biopsies Taken at Operation for Bilateral Maldescended Testes in Relation to Fertility in Adulthood","volume":"68","author":"Cortes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.02.013","article-title":"Experimental Testicular Tissue Banking to Generate Spermatogenesis in the Future: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach","volume":"99","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00299","article-title":"Selecting Infants With Cryptorchidism and High Risk of Infertility for Optional Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy and Cryopreservation of Germ Cells: Experience From a Pilot Study","volume":"9","author":"Thorup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511158","article-title":"Parental Acceptance Rate of Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation in Danish Boys With Cryptorchidism","volume":"13","author":"Hildorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16678-6","article-title":"Klinefelter\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"364","author":"Lanfranco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491","article-title":"Prenatal and Postnatal Prevalence of Klinefelter Syndrome: A National Registry Study","volume":"88","author":"Bojesen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.019","article-title":"The Genetic Origin of Klinefelter Syndrome and its Effect on Spermatogenesis","volume":"98","author":"Maiburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.12.1309","article-title":"Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"158","author":"Smyth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615","article-title":"Syndrome Characterized by Gynecomastia, Aspermatogenesis Without A-Leydigism, and Increased Excretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone1","volume":"2","author":"Klinefelter","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey094","article-title":"When Does Germ Cell Loss and Fibrosis Occur in Patients With Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Van Saen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi039","article-title":"Natural History of Seminiferous Tubule Degeneration in Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew179","article-title":"Klinefelter Syndrome and Fertility: Sperm Preservation Should Not be Offered to Children With Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Franik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02837-0","article-title":"Testicular Tissue Extraction in a Young Male With 47,XXY Klinefelter\u2019s Syndrome: Potential Strategy for Preservation of Fertility","volume":"76","author":"Damani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det084","article-title":"The Feasibility of Fertility Preservation in Adolescents With Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Rives","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.06.010","article-title":"Successful Testicular Sperm Retrieval in Adolescents With Klinefelter Syndrome Treated With at Least 1 Year of Topical Testosterone and Aromatase Inhibitor","volume":"100","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.011","article-title":"Testicular Biopsy and Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation of Prepubertal Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome: A Pro\/Con Debate","volume":"105","author":"Gies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.141","article-title":"Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction: An Update","volume":"15","author":"Dabaja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2011.07.002","article-title":"Infertility Treatment in Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Plotton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487531","article-title":"Fertility Preservation in Klinefelter Syndrome Patients During the Transition Period","volume":"33","author":"Rives","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.04.023","article-title":"Spermatogonial Stem Cell Preservation in Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome: To Bank or Not to Bank, That\u2019s the Question","volume":"98","author":"Gies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der425","article-title":"Can Pubertal Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome Benefit From Spermatogonial Stem Cell Banking","volume":"27","author":"Van Saen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2015.07.008","article-title":"Testis Development and Fertility Potential in Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31787","article-title":"Germ Cell Loss in Klinefelter Syndrome: When and Why","volume":"184","author":"Willems","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12909","article-title":"European Academy of Andrology Guidelines on Klinefelter Syndrome Endorsing Organization: European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"9","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.01.003","article-title":"The Pediatric Patient and Future Fertility: Optimizing Long-Term Male Reproductive Health Outcomes","volume":"113","author":"Nassau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.04.117","article-title":"Histology of Testicular Biopsies Obtained for Experimental Fertility Preservation Protocol in Boys With Cancer","volume":"194","author":"Pietzak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0278","article-title":"The National Physicians Cooperative: Transforming Fertility Management in the Cancer Setting and Beyond","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det039","article-title":"Spermatogonial Stem Cell Preservation and Transplantation: From Research to Clinic","volume":"28","author":"Goossens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.030","article-title":"Parental Attitudes Toward Fertility Preservation in Boys With Cancer: Context of Different Risk Levels of Infertility and Success Rates of Fertility Restoration","volume":"99","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.02.2967","article-title":"Testicular Biopsy for Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal Boys With Cancer: Identifying Preferences for Procedure and Reactions to Disclosure Practices","volume":"196","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del375","article-title":"Parental Desire and Acceptability of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Cryopreservation in Boys With Cancer","volume":"22","author":"van den Berg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep371","article-title":"An Experimental Protocol for Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal Boys Recently Diagnosed With Cancer: A Report of Acceptability and Safety","volume":"25","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.002","article-title":"Establishing Reference Values for Age-Related Spermatogonial Quantity in Prepubertal Human Testes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"106","author":"Masliukaite","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17859","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74862-8","article-title":"Paradoxical Risk of Reduced Fertility After Exposure of Prepubertal Mice to Vincristine or Cyclophosphamide at Low Gonadotoxic Doses in Humans","volume":"10","author":"Delessard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01844-y","article-title":"Cisplatin and Carboplatin Result in Similar Gonadotoxicity in Immature Human Testis With Implications for Fertility Preservation in Childhood Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Tharmalingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5888","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology Recommendations on Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0545-7","article-title":"Cancer and Fertility Preservation: International Recommendations From an Expert Meeting","volume":"14","author":"Lambertini","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.08.014","article-title":"Fertility Preservation and Adolescent\/Young Adult Cancer Patients: Physician Communication Challenges","volume":"44","author":"Quinn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adolesc Heal"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev161","article-title":"Fertility Preservation in the Male Pediatric Population: Factors Influencing the Decision of Parents and Children","volume":"30","author":"Wyns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07357900902892780","article-title":"Bone Marrow Transplantation or Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell Anemia: Long-Term Effects on Semen Variables and Hormone Profiles","volume":"26","author":"Lukusa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.854186\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T12:00:01Z","timestamp":1646913601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.854186\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":197,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.854186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.854186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"article-number":"854186"}}