{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:59:43Z","timestamp":1776124783676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease which may result in extensive damage of the thyroid gland. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), is the most frequent HT-associated disorder, with anti-parietal cell autoantibodies (APCA) being a screening test for autoimmune CAG. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a cohort of HT patients: a) the prevalence of APCA in an attempt to define their clinical phenotype\u00a0and b) any possible associations of APCA with other autoimmune diseases and malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single-center, case-control study, conducted at a University Hospital. The study included patients with HT diagnosed between November 2017 and November 2020. Excluded were patients &amp;lt;18 years old, with sonographic features of HT but negative thyroid peroxidase (TPOAbs) or thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAbs), Graves\u2019 disease, Down or Turner\u2019s syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 840 patients with HT were included in the study, from whom 180 (21.4%) had positive APCA. A total of 79 patients (9.4%) had one or more organ-specific autoimmune diseases and 61 (7.3%) had a systemic autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases were more frequent in female than in male patients (17.9% versus 10.9%, p = 0.05). APCA-positive patients were older than APCA-negative (54.1 \u00b1 13.5 versus 49.0 \u00b1 14.6, p &amp;lt;0.001) and had more often positive TPOAbs (93.3% versus 83.9%, p=0.001). Gastric neoplasms were documented only in APCA-positive patients (p &amp;lt;0.001). A higher frequency of organ-specific autoimmune diseases was observed in the APCA-positive group (14.4% versus 8%, p = 0.024). In the subgroup of patients with additional autoimmune diseases (n = 140), younger age and positive APCA were independently associated with the presence of organ-specific autoimmunity (OR 0.954, 95% CI 0.927\u20130.982 and OR 3.100, 95% CI 1.256\u20137.652, respectively). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) occurred in 3.5% of patients (26\/29 women). Positive family history for thyroid\u00a0autoimmunity and negative TPOAbs were the only independent risk factors for\u00a0PTC among women (OR 3.228, 95% CI 1.173\u20138.887 and 0.315, 95% 0.113\u20130.881,\u00a0respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study reveals for the first time an association of APCA with organ-specific autoimmunity in HT patients. APCA together with patient age were independently associated with the presence of organ-specific autoimmunity. Finally, this study showed an association between APCA and gastric neoplasms in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.860880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T05:53:06Z","timestamp":1650606786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Anti-Parietal Cell Antibodies: Associations With Autoimmune Diseases and Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Boutzios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Koukoulioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas 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