{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:34:51Z","timestamp":1792679691419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identification of the high risk population for osteoporosis and timely prevention are the best strategies at present. Detailed epidemiological investigation in a well-defined population is necessary to explore the population-based characteristics and risk factors of osteoporosis, thus to facilitate better prevention programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective cross-sectional study, 1423 questionnaires were given out to the urban residents (female \u2265 40 years of age, male \u226550 years) who lived in the 27 Elderly-Care Inns interspersed among the seven central urban areas of Beijing. All participants were voluntary and underwent routine physical examination and spine and hip BMD measurements using the DXA instrument. The study protocols were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (JDZX2015079).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 1407 participants fulfilled the survey. Among 359 men, the prevalence of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal BMD were 18.1%, 56.6%, and 25.3%, respectively; among 1048 women, the corresponding figures were 40.3%, 42.8%, and 16.9%, respectively. After adjustment of age and BMI, both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, serum levels of \u03b2-CTx, PINP, and OST were the independent risk factors for osteoporosis in both men and women; besides, familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease history in men; and history of steatohepatitis and fracture, serum levels of PTH and ALT, age of menarche, age of menopause, and duration of menstruation in women were also risk factors of osteoporosis. In both genders, the cost-effective method, which adopted both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, and medical history, indicated a good predictive ability to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis (in men AUC=0.730, 95%CI=0.642~0.817; in women AUC=0.769, 95%CI=0.724~0.813).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the population of elderly Beijing urban residents in Elderly-Care Inns, the prevalence of osteoporosis in women is higher than that in men and increases with aging more rapidly; the prevalence of osteopenia in men is higher than in women. The cost-effective method, including both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, and familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease history in men; fracture and steatohepatitis history as well as menstrual history in women is recommended in identifying the high-risk subjects for osteoporosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.875678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T14:28:27Z","timestamp":1658500107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Osteoporosis and Related Health Status Among the Elderly Urban Residents in Elderly-Care Inns in Beijing, a Multicenter DXA Survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"XinChao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HongTao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YiGang","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajing","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GuangLei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YiYun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QiaoHui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06383-1","article-title":"Risk of Osteoporosis and Fracture After Hysterectomies Without Oophorectomies: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Osteopenia","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Varacallo","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06376-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-7108.2016.12.019","article-title":"The Prevalence Rate of Osteoporosis in the Elderly in China Between 2010 and 2016: A Meta-Analysis of Single Rate","volume":"22","author":"Liying","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Osteoporos"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.14-2-187","article-title":"Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk in Older People","volume":"14","author":"Coughlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3093-2","article-title":"Projection of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures and Costs in China: 2010-2050","volume":"26","author":"Si","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496919847932","article-title":"No Major Differences in Recovery After Hip Fracture Between Home-Dwelling Female and Male Patients","volume":"109","author":"Lahtinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Surg SJS Off Organ Finnish Surg Soc Scandinavian Surg Society"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19538\/j.nk201802109","article-title":"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis (2017)","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Internal Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","article-title":"Clinician\u2019s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Cosman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2016.07.001","article-title":"Osteoporosis in East Asia: Current Issues in Assessment and Management","volume":"2","author":"Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Sarcopenia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12302","article-title":"Microsurgery Department of the Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Group from the Osteonecrosis and Bone Defect Branch of the Chinese Association of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery; Microsurgery and Reconstructive Surgery Group of the Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Surg"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.02.009","article-title":"2018 Update of French Recommendations on the Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"85","author":"Briot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0324-5","article-title":"UK Clinical Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Compston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4704-5","article-title":"European Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"30","author":"Kanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m15-1361","article-title":"Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians","volume":"166","author":"Qaseem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-7108.2018.10.001","article-title":"2018 China Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Senile Osteoporosis","volume":"24","author":"Yuanzheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Osteoporos"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020738","article-title":"Environmental Substances Associated With Osteoporosis-A Scoping Review","author":"Elonheimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3712-7","article-title":"Prevalence of Osteoporosis in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3757","article-title":"The Prevalence of Osteoporosis in China, a Nationwide, Multicenter DXA Survey","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Res Off J Am Soc Bone Mineral Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12- Country Reliability and Validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0298-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the Validity of Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Assessment Tools (IOF One Minute Test, SCORE, and FRAX) in Postmenopausal Palestinian Women","volume":"12","author":"Kharroubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030113","article-title":"The Association Between the Consumption of Fish\/Shellfish and the Risk of Osteoporosis in Men and Postmenopausal Women Aged 50 Years or Older","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000011524","article-title":"Factors Related With Osteoporosis Treatment in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"97","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0266-3","article-title":"Low Self-Awareness of Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Among Postmenopausal Women","volume":"11","author":"Langer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.09.002","article-title":"Osteoporosis Risk and Low Bone Mineral Density in Women With Physical Disabilities","volume":"86","author":"Smeltzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med rehabilitation"},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Rationale and Design of MUSIC Os-EU: An International Observational Study of the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women for Osteoporosis in Europe and Canada","volume":"33","author":"Modi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.274","article-title":"Association Between Household Size, Residential Area, and Osteoporosis: Analysis of 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Internal Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100348","article-title":"The Effectiveness of a Co-Management Care Model on Older Hip Fracture Patients in China - A Multicentre Non-Randomised Controlled Study","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet regional Health Western Pacific"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00901-0","article-title":"The Serum 25(OH)D Level and Hand Grip Strength for Fall Risk Assessment Among Osteoporotic Elderly Japanese Women","volume":"16","author":"Nagai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.09.008","article-title":"Association Between Hand-Grip Strength and Site-Specific Risks of Major Osteoporotic Fracture: Results From the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis Cohort Study","volume":"130","author":"Kamiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-020-01150-w","article-title":"Hand Grip Strength in Predicting the Risk of Osteoporosis in Asian Adults","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05941-3","article-title":"Height Loss in Postmenopausal Women-Do We Need More for Fracture Risk Assessment? Results from the GO Study","volume":"32","author":"Pluskiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2017.07.001","article-title":"Height Loss was Associated With Osteoporosis in Korean Elderly Men, Not in Women: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010","volume":"22","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.09.027","article-title":"Height Loss, Vertebral Fractures, and the Misclassification of Osteoporosis","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00987-6","article-title":"Much Lower Prevalence and Severity of Radiographic Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Elderly Hong Kong Chinese Women Than in Age-Matched Rome Caucasian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"16","author":"W\u00e1ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-016-0807-2","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Upala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s170533","article-title":"Novel Insights Into the Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Filip","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Interventions Aging"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05196.x","article-title":"Review Article: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Osteoporosis\u2013Clinical and Molecular Crosstalk","volume":"36","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1482-9236","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Is Associated With an Increased Incidence of Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures","author":"Loosen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z fur Gastroenterologie"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201801_14093","article-title":"Association Between Lipid Profiles and Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2019.11.009","article-title":"The Relation of Body Mass Index, Menopausal Symptoms, and Lipid Profile With Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"59","author":"Alay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwanese J Obstetrics Gynecology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9109-7","article-title":"Plasma Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Lipid Levels in Postmenopausal Turkish Women and Their Relation With Osteoporosis","volume":"144","author":"Arikan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Trace Element Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.650766","article-title":"Serum Lipid Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Greek Postmenopausal Women","volume":"28","author":"Pliatsika","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecological Endocrinol Off J Int Soc Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.12.023","article-title":"Analytical Considerations and Plans to Standardize or Harmonize Assays for the Reference Bone Turnover Markers PINP and \u03b2-CTX in Blood","volume":"515","author":"Bhattoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1501-1","article-title":"Markers of Bone Turnover for the Prediction of Fracture Risk and Monitoring of Osteoporosis Treatment: A Need for International Reference Standards","volume":"22","author":"Vasikaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.115879","article-title":"Reference Intervals in Danish Children and Adolescents for Bone Turnover Markers Carboxy-Terminal Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (\u03b2-CTX), Pro-Collagen Type I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP), Osteocalcin (OC) and Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (Bone ALP)","volume":"146","author":"Diemar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B47","article-title":"Reference Interval Analysis of Procollagen Type 1 N-terminal Propeptide and \u03b2 Cross-Linked C- Telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen for Healthy Premenopausal Women in Beijing","volume":"24","author":"Ranxing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Osteoporos"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"7","article-title":"Re-Analysis of Serum Procollagen Type 1 N-terminal Propeptide and \u03b2 Cross-Linked C-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen Concentrations in Healthy Men and Women of Han Nationality","volume":"9","author":"Mei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Osteoporosis Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.875678\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T13:49:34Z","timestamp":1658756974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.875678\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.875678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.875678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"article-number":"875678"}}