{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T06:38:21Z","timestamp":1776580701871,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K07927, JP19K07905, JP18H02737, 21H02835, JP18K19769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K07927, JP19K07905, JP18H02737, 21H02835, JP18K19769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004330","name":"Smoking Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019T004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019T004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia. We investigated whether serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (sTREM2), a soluble form of the cell surface receptor TREM2, were predictive of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes without obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 166 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity were followed-up for 2 years. We measured clinical parameters, assessed cognitive function using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), quantified and divided serum sTREM2 levels into quartiles, and examined the longitudinal associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the follow-up, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> levels were elevated in 98 patients and decreased in 68 patients. In the HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>-elevated group, higher sTREM2 levels at baseline showed a significant association with a greater tendency for reduction in MMSE scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.015), whereas they were not significantly associated with other examined parameters. In the HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>-decreased group, there was no significant association between sTREM2 levels at baseline and changes in MMSE scores, but higher sTREM2 levels at baseline were significantly associated with a greater tendency for reduction in waist circumference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.027), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.039), and sTREM2 levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.023).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glycemic control is suggested to be important in preventing cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity. Higher serum sTREM2 levels would be a predictive marker for cognitive impairment in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes without obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.880148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T05:36:35Z","timestamp":1651556195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Higher Serum Soluble TREM2 as a Potential Indicative Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment in Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Without Obesity: The 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