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Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is mainly caused by excess energy intake and physical inactivity, and the number of overweight\/obese individuals has been steadily increasing for decades. Previous studies showed that rodents fed westernized diets exhibit endocrine pancreas deterioration and a range of metabolic disorders. This study evaluated the effects of moderated aerobic treadmill exercise training on pancreatic islet cell viability and function in mice consuming a high-fat and sucrose diet. In the present study, 60-day-old male C57BL\/6J mice were divided into four groups: control (C), fed a standard diet AIN-93M (3.83 kcal\/g; 70% carbohydrate (cornstarch and dextrinized starch were chosen as the major source of carbohydrate for the AIN-93 diet. In addition, a small amount of sucrose), 20% protein (casein), and 10% fat (soybean) with no training (i.e., sedentary); C + training (CTR, fed the standard diet with eight weeks of exercise; high-fat diet + sucrose (HFDS), fed a high fat and sucrose diet (5.2 kcal\/g; 20% carbohydrate (cornstarch and dextrinized starch were chosen as the major source of carbohydrate), 20% protein (casein), 60% fat (Lard was chosen as the major source of fat and a small amount of soybean) + 20% sucrose diluted in drinking water with no training; and HFDS + training (HFDSTR). After eight weeks, the HFDS mice displayed increased body weight (P&amp;lt;0.001) and epididymal, inguinal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass (P&amp;lt;0.01). These mice also presented insulin resistance (P&amp;lt;0.01), glucose intolerance (P&amp;lt;0.001), impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and were less responsive to the physiological net ROS production induced by glucose stimulus. The HFDS group\u2019s pancreatic islet cells were 38% less viable and 59% more apoptotic than those from the C group (P&amp;lt;0.05). The HFDSTR improved glucose tolerance, body mass, insulin sensitivity and GSIS (P&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, HFDSTR mice had 53% more viable isolated pancreatic islets cells and 29% fewer apoptotic cells than the HFDS group (P&amp;lt;0.01). Thus, exercise training may slow down and\/or prevent adverse metabolic effects associated with consuming a westernized diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.881236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T12:47:13Z","timestamp":1653050833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moderate Exercise Training Combined With a High-Fat and Sucrose Diet Protects Pancreatic Islet Function in Male C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Veras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Ferraz","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Goedcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana 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