{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T08:23:24Z","timestamp":1774167804994,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems early in the course of diabetes has the potential to help glycemic management and to improve quality of life (QoL). No previous research has examined these outcomes in children-adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) starting within the first month after diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact of isCGM early after T1D diagnosis, on metabolic control and QoL, comparing a group who started the use of the device within one month from the onset with another one who started at least one year later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who used isCGM within 1 month from T1D diagnosis were enrolled in group A; those who didn\u2019t have the device during the first year were considered as control group (group B). HbA1c and total daily insulin were evaluated at 3 (T1), 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months post-baseline (T0, diabetes onset), QoL after 1 year. In group A, isCGM glucose metrics were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>85 patients were enrolled in group A and 67 patients in group B. In group A isCGM was well accepted during follow up: no patient dropped out; percentage of time with active sensor was in mean &amp;gt; 87%; number of scans\/day remained stable. QoL was higher in group A than in group B both in children-adolescents (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and in parents (p 0.003). Group A presented lower HbA1c during the first year after diagnosis (p&amp;lt;0.001), and this data correlated with glucose management indicator (GMI), time in range (TIR) and mean glucose. The honeymoon period lasted more in group A than in B (p 0.028). Furthermore, the mean hypoglycemia duration decreased during follow-up (p 0.001) in group A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early use of isCGM, starting within the first month after diagnosis, improves metabolic control and QoL in pediatric patients with T1D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.907517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T05:11:56Z","timestamp":1655442716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Early Initiation of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population With Type 1 Diabetes: A Real World Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Cauvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Berchielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Soffiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Maines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0023","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association","volume":"41","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-543X.2006.00155.x.","article-title":"'The Honeymoon Phase' in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Frequency, Duration, and Influential Factors","volume":"7","author":"Abdul-Rasoul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.033","article-title":"Diabetes and Beta Cell Function: From Mechanisms to Evaluation and Clinical Implications","volume":"23","author":"Cernea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134801","article-title":"Influence of Age on Partial Clinical Remission Among Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Passanisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0026","article-title":"Early Initiation of Diabetes Devices Relates to Improved Glycemic Control in Children With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Patton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1205","article-title":"CGM Initiation Soon After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Results in Sustained CGM Use and Wear Time","volume":"43","author":"Prahalad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0179-6","article-title":"Organization and Regional Distribution of Centers for the Management of Children and Adolescents With Diabetes in Italy","volume":"8","author":"Giorgetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Growth Reference Charts 2-5 and 5-19 Years"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.3.170","article-title":"Clinical Longitudinal Standards for Height, Weight, Height Velocity, Weight Velocity, and Stages of Puberty","volume":"51","author":"Tanner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0455","article-title":"Optimal Sampling Duration for Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Determine Long-Term Glycemic Control","volume":"20","author":"Riddlesworth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0156","article-title":"Optimal Sampling Intervals to Assess Long-Term Glycemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Xing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0115-2","article-title":"Italian Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the PedsQL\u2122 3.0 Diabetes Module Questionnaire in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents","volume":"19","author":"D'Annunzio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12701","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State","author":"Wolfsdorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Two-Year Prospective Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Honeymoon Frequency and Duration in Children With Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Key-Role of Age at Diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Lombardo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1987","article-title":"New Definition for the Partial Remission Period in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Mortensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.6.816","article-title":"Socioeconomic Status and Health: How Education, Income, and Occupation Contribute to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"82","author":"Winkleby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034742","article-title":"Differences in Weight Status and Energy-Balance Related Behaviors Among Schoolchildren Across Europe: The ENERGY-Project","volume":"7","author":"Brug","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103634","article-title":"Educational Intervention of Healthy Life Promotion for Children With a Migrant Background or at Socioeconomic Disadvantage in the North of Italy: Efficacy of Telematic Tools in Improving Nutritional and Physical Activity Knowledge","volume":"13","author":"Franceschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.660173","article-title":"Intermittently Scanned and Continuous Glucose Monitor Systems: A Systematic Review on Psychological Outcomes in Pediatric Patients","volume":"9","author":"Franceschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab522","article-title":"Clinically Serious Hypoglycemia Is Rare and Not Associated With Time-In-Range in Youth With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"106","author":"Addala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3805","article-title":"Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes During Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Compared With Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Using Individual Patient Data","volume":"343","author":"Pickup","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0065","article-title":"Hemoglobin A1c Trajectory in Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Prahalad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12068","article-title":"Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T1D New Onset (NeOn) Study: Clinical Outcomes During the First Year Following Diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Cengiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"396","article-title":"Use of Technology to Potentially Preserve C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","author":"Danne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.907517\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T05:12:04Z","timestamp":1655442724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.907517\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.907517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.907517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"article-number":"907517"}}