{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:02:18Z","timestamp":1793408538950,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009018","name":"Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014137","name":"Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging studies have provided a preliminary understanding of the thyroid-gut axis, indicating that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may act directly or indirectly on the thyroid by influencing intestinal microelements uptake, iodothyronine conversion and storage, and immune regulation, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders and clinical management strategies. However, the research on gut microbiota and thyroid has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still required to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms in the future. Here we will characterize the associations between the microbiota and thyroid diseases to evaluate their potential implications in the pathophysiology and open up scientific avenues for future precision studies of the thyroid-gut axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.943408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T06:08:00Z","timestamp":1660802880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The relationships between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with thyroid diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganghua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1638763","article-title":"Microbiota-gut brain axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"19","author":"Iannone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124234","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome","volume":"312","author":"Gill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24661","article-title":"A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites","volume":"551","author":"Dodd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2515","article-title":"The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Round","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09589-y","article-title":"From microbiota toward gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Are we on the highway to hell","volume":"22","author":"Vitale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2266","article-title":"Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome","volume":"3","author":"Karlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0299-7","article-title":"An expansion of rare lineage intestinal microbes characterizes rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.12.1395","article-title":"Comparison of the faecal microflora of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls using molecular methods of analysis","volume":"41","author":"Stebbings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0021","article-title":"Gut-thyroid axis and celiac disease","volume":"6","author":"Lerner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061769","article-title":"Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How does the microbiota influence thyroid function","volume":"12","author":"Knezevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.01.053","article-title":"\"With a little help from my friends\" - the role of microbiota in thyroid hormone metabolism and enterohepatic recycling","volume":"458","author":"Virili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.07.001","article-title":"The microbiota and autoimmunity: Their role in thyroid autoimmune diseases","volume":"183","author":"Kohling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.11.026","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid diseases and Th17\/Treg lymphocytes","volume":"192","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104468","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis and lack of short chain fatty acids in a Chinese cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.44","article-title":"Anticancer effects of the microbiome and its products","volume":"15","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0640-6","article-title":"Gut microbe analysis between hyperthyroid and healthy individuals","volume":"69","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.24151","article-title":"Molecular alteration analysis of human gut microbial composition in graves' disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Ishaq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0193","article-title":"Gut microbiota may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of graves' disease","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00952-4","article-title":"Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of graves' orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease","volume":"9","author":"Moshkelgosha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529802","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/529802","article-title":"Does hypothyroidism affect gastrointestinal motility","volume":"2009","author":"Yaylali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"44","author":"Konrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polski merkuriusz lekarski"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0606","article-title":"Association between hypothyroidism and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"92","author":"Lauritano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200475","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis is associated with primary hypothyroidism with interaction on gut-thyroid axis","volume":"134","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4972","article-title":"Cancer and the microbiota","volume":"348","author":"Garrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13437","article-title":"A distinct serum metabolic signature of distant metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"87","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.04.001","article-title":"Gut microbiota changes and its potential relations with thyroid carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00495","article-title":"Relation of gut microbes and l-thyroxine through altered thyroxine metabolism in subclinical hypothyroidism subjects","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1094095","article-title":"Effect of changing intestinal bacterial flora on thyroid function in the rat","volume":"4","author":"Vought","year":"1972","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0102","article-title":"NF-kappaB p65 subunit mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced Na(+)\/I(-) symporter gene expression by involving functional interaction with the paired domain transcription factor Pax8","volume":"24","author":"Nicola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346542","article-title":"Regulation of sodium\/iodide symporter and lactoperoxidase expression in four human breast cancer cell lines","volume":"33","author":"Sponziello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0789","article-title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates the thyrotropin-dependent thyroglobulin gene expression at the transcriptional level by involving the transcription factors thyroid transcription factor-1 and paired box domain transcription factor 8","volume":"147","author":"Velez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0345","article-title":"Functional toll-like receptor 4 conferring lipopolysaccharide responsiveness is expressed in thyroid cells","volume":"150","author":"Nicola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1439","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide induces type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in the mediobasal hypothalamus: implications for the nonthyroidal illness syndrome","volume":"145","author":"Fekete","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1670505","article-title":"Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on anterior pituitary 5'-deiodinase type I and type II","volume":"167","author":"Baur","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy182","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate to maintain Th17\/Treg balance and to ameliorate colorectal colitis by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.08.015","article-title":"FOXA1 regulation turns benzamide HDACi treatment effect-specific in BC, promoting NIS gene-mediated targeted radioiodine therapy","volume":"19","author":"Rathod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1559631","article-title":"The role of iodine and selenium in autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"47","author":"Duntas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502761016494","article-title":"The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: biochemistry and relevance to public health","volume":"12","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6228","article-title":"Selenium increases thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced Sodium\/Iodide symporter expression through Thioredoxin\/Apurinic\/Apyrimidinic endonuclease 1-dependent regulation of paired box 8 binding activity","volume":"24","author":"Leoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02790140","article-title":"Seleno-lactobacillus. an organic selenium source","volume":"47","author":"Calomme","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00086","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria contribution to gut microbiota complexity: lights and shadows","volume":"2","author":"Pessione","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-181990","article-title":"Dietary selenium affects host selenoproteome expression by influencing the gut microbiota","volume":"25","author":"Kasaikina","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.05.008","article-title":"Microbiota and thyroid interaction in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Frohlich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.264.6.E966","article-title":"Binding and degradation of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine by rat intestinal bacteria","volume":"264","author":"DiStefano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00316","article-title":"Probiotics ingestion does not directly affect thyroid hormonal parameters in hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine treatment","volume":"8","author":"Spaggiari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-6-2822","article-title":"Enterohepatic circulation of triiodothyronine (T3) in rats: importance of the microflora for the liberation and reabsorption of T3 from biliary T3 conjugates","volume":"125","author":"Rutgers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.265.3.E521","article-title":"5'- and 5-deiodinase activities in adult rat cecum and large bowel contents inhibited by intestinal microflora","volume":"265","author":"Nguyen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9703-2","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"42","author":"McLeod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0799-5068","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"50","author":"Banga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118001192","article-title":"Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"78","author":"Rayman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8302-x","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"54","author":"Hasham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00598","article-title":"Leaky gut as a danger signal for autoimmune diseases","volume":"8","author":"Mu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666190930110605","article-title":"Our little friends with big roles: Alterations of the gut microbiota in thyroid disorders","volume":"20","author":"Ejtahed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2184","article-title":"Identification of outer membrane porin f protein of yersinia enterocolitica recognized by antithyrotopin receptor antibodies in graves' disease and determination of its epitope using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2010.0011","article-title":"The role of components of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in pathogenesis and serologic diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"2","author":"Kiseleva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2010.00802.x","article-title":"Identification of a correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and graves' disease","volume":"15","author":"Bassi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13401","article-title":"Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"18","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.101","article-title":"Molecular estimation of alteration in intestinal microbial composition in hashimoto's thyroiditis patients","volume":"95","author":"Ishaq","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0395","article-title":"Alterations of the gut microbiota in hashimoto's thyroiditis patients","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518189113","article-title":"Probiotics modulated gut microbiota suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5036959","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5036959","article-title":"The composition of gut microbiota in patients bearing hashimoto's thyroiditis with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"2020","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10040192","article-title":"Differential microbial pattern description in subjects with autoimmune-based thyroid diseases: A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Cornejo-Pareja","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14038","article-title":"Study of gut microbiome in Egyptian patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"75","author":"El-Zawawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000313","article-title":"A key role of dendritic cells in probiotic functionality","volume":"2","author":"Foligne","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01507-6","article-title":"Associations between gut microbiota and thyroidal function status in Chinese patients with graves' disease","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0653-3766","article-title":"Gut microbiome in BALB\/c and C57BL\/6J mice undergoing experimental thyroid autoimmunity associate with differences in immunological responses and thyroid function","volume":"50","author":"Moshkelgosha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0478-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota in experimental murine model of graves' orbitopathy established in different environments may modulate clinical presentation of disease","volume":"6","author":"Masetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102234","article-title":"The effects of synbiotic supplementation on thyroid function and inflammation in hypothyroid patients: A randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled trial","volume":"48","author":"Talebi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32007","article-title":"Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of thyroid carcinoma patients","volume":"144","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1831-x","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is associated with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules and correlated with clinical index of thyroid function","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell\u00a0generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature.Break In po"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05532.x","article-title":"Risks and clinical features of colorectal cancer complicating crohn's disease in Japanese patients","volume":"23","author":"Yano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02416-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for anaplastic thyroid cancer: a case study","volume":"68","author":"Aghajani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.03.005","article-title":"Gut microbiome and radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma pathophysiology","volume":"31","author":"Samimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.943408\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T06:08:04Z","timestamp":1660802884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.943408\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.943408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.943408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"article-number":"943408"}}