{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:23:30Z","timestamp":1773275010750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>TSH receptor (TSHR) antibodies are the cause of Graves\u2019 disease and may also be found in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. They come in at least three varieties: thyroid stimulating, thyroid blocking and neutral. The measurement of TSH receptor antibodies in Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis is a common clinical activity and can be useful in diagnosis and prognosis. We show that it is not possible to detect the blocking variety of TSHR antibody in patients with Graves\u2019 disease because the stimulating antibody may overwhelm the measurement of blocking in the bioassays available for their measurement and may blind the valid interpretation of the results. To help explain this in more detail we show a series of studies with monoclonal TSHR antibodies which support this conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.943459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T08:25:36Z","timestamp":1657873536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brief Report - Monoclonal Antibodies Illustrate the Difficulties in Measuring Blocking TSH Receptor Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Terry F.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed A.","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaly","family":"Mezei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rauf","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"LATS Protector, the Human Thyroid Stimulator","volume":"81","author":"Adams","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-39-5-826","article-title":"Stimulation of the Human Thyroid by Infusions of Plasma Containing LATS Protector","volume":"39","author":"Adams","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-26-5-518","article-title":"Experience With the Bio-Assay of the Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator","volume":"26","author":"McKenzie","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0750401","article-title":"Interaction of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies With the Human Thyrotrophin Receptor","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.525","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of 3rd Generation Assay for Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies: The M22-Biotin-Based ELISA Initiated by Smith","volume":"52","author":"Kamijo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0059","article-title":"A Novel Bioreporter Assay for Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies Using a Chimeric Thyrotropin Receptor (Mc4) Is More Useful in Differentiation of Graves' Disease From Painless Thyroiditis Than Conventional Thyrotropin-Stimulating Antibody Assay Using Porcine Thyroid Cells","volume":"20","author":"Kamijo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00003","article-title":"The \"TSH Receptor Glo Assay\" - 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