{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T23:36:07Z","timestamp":1771976167791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 1 (<jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic>), appears to be a double-edged sword with regard to its role in carcinogenesis. On the one hand, the tumor-suppressing functions of <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> have been definitively observed in neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical cancer. On the other hand, there is evidence that <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> regulates the colony formation, invasion, and maintenance of liver cancer cells and hence functions as an oncogene. The roles of <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> are strictly dependent on the biological context and type of organization. However, a systematic pan-cancer analysis has thus far not been undertaken, and the significance of <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> in the occurrence and progression of many malignancies is uncertain. In this paper, bioinformatics techniques were employed to analyze <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> expression across different cancers and investigate the relationship between <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> and clinical features, prognosis, genetic alteration, and tumor immune microenvironment, respectively. Our results show that <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> is variably expressed in distinct tumor tissues and is also closely linked to clinical outcomes. In particular, compared to other tumor types, there was a strong negative correlation between <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> expression and various components of the tumor microenvironment in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We thus developed an <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic>-derived immune risk model based on <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic>-related immune genes; ACC patients with a high-risk score tended to have a poorer prognosis, accompanied by immune hyporesponsiveness. <jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> can be used as a prognostic biomarker for multiple cancers. Moreover, anti-<jats:italic>NBPF1<\/jats:italic> immunotherapy may be suitable for treating ACC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.950326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T06:52:04Z","timestamp":1660719124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oncogene or tumor suppressor gene: An integrated pan-cancer analysis of NBPF1"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangzhige","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.2870020315","article-title":"Constitutional translocation T (1,17)(P36;Q12-21) in a patient with neuroblastoma","volume":"2","author":"Laureys","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Constitutional translocation T(1;17)(P36.31-P36.13;Q11.2-Q12.1) in a neuroblastoma patient. 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