{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1791820960391,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder of the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid adenoma (PA) in pregnancy is a relatively rare disease, whose diagnosis and treatment is a challenging task. The aim of the present study is to present a new case of parathyroid adenoma during pregnancy and to give a detailed account of all reported cases of parathyroid adenoma during pregnancy in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A bibliographic research was performed, and characteristics of parathyroid adenomas in pregnancy such as age, gestational week at diagnosis, ionized calcium levels, genetic testing result, symptomatology, radiological method of localization, treatment method, gestational week at operation, and maternal\/fetal complications were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 34-year-old woman at her 25 weeks\u2019 gestation was diagnosed with parathyroid adenoma and was referred to our Surgical Department due to contraindication for conservative treatment. A parathyroidectomy was performed, and the maternal and fetal postoperative period was uneventful. Two hundred eleven cases of parathyroid adenoma in pregnancy were recorded in the literature, and statistical analysis was performed. The median gestational week at diagnosis was 21 \u00b1 9.61 weeks. The mean level of ionized calcium was 2.69 mmol\/l [SD = 0.75 (2.55\u20132.84 95% CI)]. Most cases were familiar (72.4%), while surgery was the preferred treatment option (67.3%). The majority of cases were asymptomatic (21.7%), and the main radiological method applied for localization was ultrasound (63.4%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parathyroid adenoma in pregnancy is a rare condition. The early diagnosis is of great importance as surgical treatment at the second trimester of pregnancy outweighs the maternal and fetal risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.975954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1665988297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parathyroid adenoma in pregnancy: A case report and systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Pliakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chorti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moysis","family":"Moysidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kotsovolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kaltsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TS.","family":"Papavramidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet] treasure island (FL)","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03495.x","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy and the effect of rising calcium on pregnancy loss: A call for earlier intervention","volume":"71","author":"Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1110","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"100","author":"Hirsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470755945","article-title":"Medical statistics","volume-title":"A guide to data analysis and critical appraisal","author":"Peat","year":"2005"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.36553\/wm.66","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy \u2013 current approach","volume":"2","author":"Kochman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiedza Medyczna"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01441-z","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: observations from the Indian PHPT registry","volume":"44","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.04.010","article-title":"Chanson p primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"77","author":"Kamenick\u00fd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520516","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/520516","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy-a rare cause of life-threatening hypercalcemia: case report and literature review","volume":"2011","author":"Malekar-Raikar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01434-x","article-title":"Pancreatitis secondary to hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy","volume":"98","author":"Dahan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1698028","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as severe hypercalcemia with acute pancreatitis in pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32677\/IJCR.2020.v06.i05.021","article-title":"Recurrent pancreatitis due to parathyroid adenoma in pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Boorugu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Case Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6061313","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6061313","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy leading to pancreatitis and preeclampsia with severe features","volume":"2017","author":"Dale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstetrics Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1668-x","article-title":"Recurrent pancreatitis induced by hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"284","author":"Krysiak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstetrics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0409-9","article-title":"A rare lethal case of severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis due to a parathyroid adenoma in a third-trimester pregnant woman","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocrine Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025451","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism presenting as hyperemesis and acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: A case report","volume":"100","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0035","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy: A case series of 8 patients","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718447","article-title":"Preeclampsia as an inaugural manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report","volume":"42","author":"Dias Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol  Obstetr"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7501263","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7501263","article-title":"Preeclampsia: A possible complication of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"2016","author":"Alharbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstetrics Gynecol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.08.110","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy causing preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Alajmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Case Rep Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182061fc2","article-title":"Parathyroid adenoma with hypertensive crisis and intracerebral hemorrhage mimicking hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2014208829","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208829","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy leading to hypercalcaemic crisis and uraemic encephalopathy","volume":"2015","author":"Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.12.017","article-title":"Impact of perinatal primary hyperparathyroidism on maternal and fetal and neonatal outcomes: Retrospective case series","volume":"42","author":"Cassir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstetrics Gynaecol Canada"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3947423","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3947423","article-title":"Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy","volume":"2017","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Afzal","year":"2021"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3526-8","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy","volume":"291","author":"Dochez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstetrics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-1903-0","article-title":"Coexistent parathyroid adenoma and thyroid papillary carcinoma in pregnancy","volume":"284","author":"Baumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstetrics"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i21.5426","article-title":"Synchronous parathyroid adenoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid adenoma in pregnancy: A case report","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin cases"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-19-0110","article-title":"Complex management decisions in a woman with concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, both presenting during pregnancy","volume":"2019","author":"Arnez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.84","article-title":"Parathyroid surgery in pregnancy: review of the literature and localization by aspiration for parathyroid hormone levels","volume":"29","author":"Pothiwala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23252","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration of follicular adenoma versus parathyroid adenoma: the utility of multispectral imaging in differentiating lesions with subtle cytomorphologic differences","volume":"114","author":"Mansoor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00340","article-title":"Seventeen cases of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: A call for management guidelines","volume":"3","author":"DiMarco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0569-2","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: options for localization and surgical therapy","volume":"34","author":"McMullen","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.05.009","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy and (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy","volume":"136","author":"Malheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00308","article-title":"Use of cinacalcet and (99m)Tc-sestamibi imaging during pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Rubin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.02.04","article-title":"\"Parathyroidectomy in pregnancy\"-a single centre experience with review of evidence and proposal for treatment algorithim","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-020-01128-4","article-title":"[Parathyroidectomy during pregnancy]","volume":"91","author":"Dralle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Der Chirurg Z Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1093-2","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy treated with cinacalcet: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Vera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1325862","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy treated with cinacalcet: A case report","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalo Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstetrics Gynaecol"},{"key":"B39","author":"Jiao","year":"2021"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29489","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy treated with parathyroidectomy: A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Sandler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/om.2009.090040","article-title":"Three case reports of maternal primary hyperparathyroidism in each trimester and a review of optimal management in pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Hui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetric Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000180889.23678.fb","article-title":"Parathyroidectomy in the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"Schnatz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvaa015","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa015","article-title":"Parathyroidectomy in first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383698","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4383698","article-title":"A giant parathyroid tumor during pregnancy: Adenoma versus carcinoma","volume":"2019","author":"Mirza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Pathol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5493917","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5493917","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: Successful parathyroidectomy during first trimester","volume":"2018","author":"Tachamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1530-891X(20)47239-8","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with severe hypercalcemia requiring urgent parathyroidectomy in early pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Osuna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13378","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy: management by minimally invasive surgery based on ultrasound localization","volume":"87","author":"Stringer","year":"2017","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-130","article-title":"Acharya s is minimally invasive parathyroid surgery an option for patients with gestational primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Bendinelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/turkjsurg.4330","article-title":"Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using intraoperative ultrasonographic localization for primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: report of two cases","volume":"35","author":"Haciyanli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish J Surg"},{"key":"B50","article-title":"Thoracoscopic removal of a maternal mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma causing neonatal hypocalcemia: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Din\u00e7er","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000393","article-title":"Management of ectopic parathyroid adenoma in pregnancy","volume":"124","author":"Saad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.10.093","article-title":"Right ectopic paraesophageal parathyroid adenoma with refractory hypercalcemia in pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"77","author":"Abusabeib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00172","article-title":"Gestational primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma: Case report and literature review","volume":"1","author":"Horton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232653","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232653","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814555850","article-title":"Maternal atypical parathyroid adenoma as a cause of newborn hypocalcemic tetany","volume":"151","author":"Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol\u2013head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.975954\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T06:31:42Z","timestamp":1665988302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.975954\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.975954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.975954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"article-number":"975954"}}