{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:26:26Z","timestamp":1790767586077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as a vital hypothalamic neuropeptide, was a key regulator for pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the vertebrate. However, little is known about the other pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost. In the present study, two GnRH variants (namely, GnRH2 and GnRH3) and four GnRH receptors (namely, GnRHR1, GnRHR2, GnRHR3, and GnRHR4) had been isolated from grass carp. Tissue distribution displayed that GnRHR4 was more highly detected in the pituitary than the other three GnRHRs. Interestingly, ligand\u2013receptor selectivity showed that GnRHR4 displayed a similar and high binding affinity for grass carp GnRH2 and GnRH3. Using primary culture grass carp pituitary cells as model, we found that both GnRH2 and GnRH3 could not only significantly induce pituitary reproductive hormone gene (GtH\u03b1, LH\u03b2, FSH\u03b2, INHBa, secretogranin-2) mRNA expression mediated by AC\/PKA, PLC\/IP\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/PKC, and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CaM\/CaMK-II pathways but also reduce dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) mRNA expression\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CaM\/CaMK-II pathway. Interestingly, GnRH2 and GnRH3 could also stimulate anorexigenic peptide (POMCb, CART2, UTS1, NMBa, and NMBb) mRNA expression\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    AC\/PKA, PLC\/IP\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/PKC, and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CaM\/CaMK-II pathways in grass carp pituitary cells. In addition, food intake could significantly induce brain GnRH2 mRNA expression. These results indicated that GnRH should be the coupling factor to integrate the feeding metabolism and reproduction in teleost.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.982297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T10:47:50Z","timestamp":1665485270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Novel pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost: The link between reproduction and feeding regulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanhui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangfu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2018.22.2.119","article-title":"Evolutionary viewpoint on GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in Chordata - amino acid and nucleic acid sequences","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Reprod"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(71)90623-1","article-title":"Structure of the porcine LH- and FSH-releasing hormone. 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