{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1781478126487,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the associations between physical and pubertal development based on the breast development outcomes in girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study. A total of 452 girls aged 6~8 years were included. Based on their breast development outcomes, the patients were divided into an idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group and a premature thelarche (PT) group. Anthropometry included measurements of height, weight, and BMI. ICPP was diagnosed when five diagnostic criteria from the current guidelines were met.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The girls with breast development at initial evaluation had a median age of 6.9 years. In total, 31.4% of patients were diagnosed with ICPP, and ICPP was rare in girls &amp;lt;7 years old (19%). Patients who presented with recurrence of breast development in the PT group accounted for 38.4%. At initial evaluation, the height, weight, BMI and bone age (BA) of the girls in the PT group corresponded to those of a normally developing girl at ages 7.8 years, 8.2 years, 8.6 years and 7.6 years, respectively. The girls in the ICPP group had a mean age of 7.3 years, and their mean height, weight, and BMI were 129.6\u00a0cm, 28.4\u00a0kg, and 17.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, which corresponded to the mean of a normally developing girl at ages 8.5 years, 9.1 years, and 10.5 years, respectively; these patients had BA of 9.2 years. Additionally, based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, when the basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level was 0.32 IU\/L and BMI reached 16.4 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, CPP was diagnosed in patients meeting all five diagnostic criteria for CPP, and the specificity and sensitivity were 71.9% and 88.2%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Girls with breast development before 8 years old had a high proportion of recurrence of breast development. The physical development of these girls at the time of breast development preceded that of normally developing girls by 1-2 years. BMI is an independent risk factor for early pubertal development, and is a simple and clear predictor of ICPP. In addition to the five classic diagnostic criteria, CPP is diagnosed when physical development corresponds to the mean for a 10.5 years old girl.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.991908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T04:37:50Z","timestamp":1666327070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between body mass index and pubertal development based on the outcomes of girls with early breast 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