{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:27:13Z","timestamp":1793514433461,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a very rare entity accounting for 5% of all thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of lymphomas. PTLs are classified as non-Hodgkin\u2019s B-cell lymphomas in the majority of cases, although Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma of the thyroid has also been identified. This study aimed to identify the clinical, biochemical, and pathological features of primary thyroid lymphomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2008 to December 2020, data from patients diagnosed with PTL treated at the Gangnam Severance Hospital, including clinical, biochemical, and pathological features of thyroid lymphomas, were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 10 patients, nine women and one man, with a median age of 62 (range, 44\u201382) years were included. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in nine patients and surgical resection was performed in one patient without biopsy. Excisional and surgical biopsies were performed in all patients, including five who underwent excisional biopsy and five who underwent thyroidectomy. Histological analyses revealed that all 10 lymphomas were non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma; six patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, three had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and one had Burkitt lymphoma. Four patients received chemotherapy, two were treated with chemoradiation therapy, one received radiation therapy only, one did not require more treatment after surgery, one refused treatment, and one was transferred to another hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although PTLs are scarce, clinicians should be aware of this rare entity and evaluate and treat PTLs on an individual basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1064050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T06:30:50Z","timestamp":1675924250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Primary thyroid lymphoma: A single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jin Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeok Jun","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Mo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang-Seok","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Primary thyroid lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Ansell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.93","article-title":"Clinical aspects of primary thyroid lymphoma: Diagnosis and treatment based on our experience of 119 cases","volume":"3","author":"Matsuzuka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198503073121001","article-title":"Cancer risks in patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis","volume":"312","author":"Holm","year":"1985","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08606.x","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of 171 cases of primary thyroid lymphoma: A long-term study involving 24553 patients with hashimoto's disease","volume":"153","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8156","article-title":"Primary thyroid lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease","volume":"87","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1428","article-title":"Primary thyroid lymphoma: A clinical review","volume":"98","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<629::AID-CNCR1045>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Localized non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the thyroid gland","volume":"91","author":"Ha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3921-y","article-title":"Core needle biopsy could reduce diagnostic surgery in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer or thyroid lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Ha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21802","article-title":"High sensitivity and positive predictive value of fine-needle aspiration for uncommon thyroid malignancies","volume":"40","author":"Dustin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0095","article-title":"Clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of thyroid lymphoma: A cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4255","article-title":"Ultrasonographic features of aggressive primary thyroid diffuse b-cell lymphoma: A report of two cases","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0768-z","article-title":"An evidence-based approach to the treatment of thyroid lymphoma","volume":"31","author":"Mack","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.2332","article-title":"Aggressive palliation and survival in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma","volume":"141","author":"Nachalon","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.6.1400","article-title":"Anaplastic thyroid cancer: ultrasonographic findings and the role of ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"54","author":"Suh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq310","article-title":"Treatment results and prognostic factors in primary thyroid lymphoma patients: a rare cancer network study","volume":"22","author":"Onal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1677\/erc-08-0154","article-title":"Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapies","volume":"16","author":"Smallridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.1273","article-title":"Lymphoid lesions of the thyroid: Review in light of the revised European-American lymphoma classification and upcoming world health organization classification","volume":"9","author":"Kossev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2303.2001.00338.x","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary lymphoma of the thyroid: a report of 17 cases","volume":"12","author":"Sangalli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326095","article-title":"Diagnosis of lymphoma by image-guided needle biopsies: fine needle aspiration biopsy, core biopsy or both","volume":"49","author":"Ravinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4158\/ep14482.Or","article-title":"Thyroid nodules with 2 prior inadequate fine-needle aspiration results: Effect of increasing the diameter of the needle","volume":"21","author":"Ucler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Thyroid lymphoma: is there a role for surgery","volume":"64","author":"Klyachkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am surgeon"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(85)90159-2","article-title":"Radiotherapeutic management of primary thyroid lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Blair","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol - Biolgy - Phys"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ17-0111","article-title":"Preoperative diagnostic algorithm of primary thyroid lymphoma using ultrasound, aspiration cytology, and flow cytometry","volume":"64","author":"Hirokawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine J"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.123","article-title":"Update on thyroid cancer treatment","volume":"8","author":"Regalbuto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1064050\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T06:30:54Z","timestamp":1675924254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1064050\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1064050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1064050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"article-number":"1064050"}}