{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:20:08Z","timestamp":1793964008100,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Male infertility is a widely debated issue that affects males globally. There are several mechanisms involved. Oxidative stress is accepted to be the main contributing factor, with sperm quality and quantity affected by the overproduction of free radicals. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) cannot be controlled by the antioxidant system and, thus, potentially impact male fertility and hamper sperm quality parameters. Mitochondria are the driving force of sperm motility; irregularities in their function may lead to apoptosis, alterations to signaling pathway function, and, ultimately, compromised fertility. Moreover, it has been observed that the prevalence of inflammation may arrest sperm function and the production of cytokines triggered by the overproduction of ROS. Further, oxidative stress interacts with seminal plasma proteomes that influence male fertility. Enhanced ROS production disturbs the cellular constituents, particularly DNA, and sperms are unable to impregnate the ovum. Here, we review the latest information to better understand the relationship between oxidative stress and male infertility, the role of mitochondria, the cellular response, inflammation and fertility, and the interaction of seminal plasma proteomes with oxidative stress, as well as highlight the influence of oxidative stress on hormones; collectively, all of these factors are assumed to be important for the regulation of male infertility. This article may help improve our understanding of male infertility and the strategies to prevent it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:17:45Z","timestamp":1676247465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Unraveling the harmful effect of oxidative stress on male fertility: A mechanistic insight"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tarique","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Kandeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Murtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dildar Hussain","family":"Kalhoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ismail","family":"Chughtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjaleena","family":"Yaseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saleem","family":"Kalhoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"99","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-193-6","volume-title":"Male Infertility","author":"Sabanegh","year":"2011"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3335-4","volume-title":"Male Infertility: Contemporary clinical approaches, andrology, ART & antioxidants","author":"Parekattil","year":"2012"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.740011","article-title":"Male Infertility: A critical review of pharmacologic management","volume":"13","author":"Hamada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility\u2013a clinical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Tremellen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-7-6","article-title":"Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relationship with seminal parameters","volume":"7","author":"Khosrowbeygi","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00567-1","article-title":"Relationship between oxidative stress, semen characteristics, and clinical diagnosis in men undergoing infertility investigation","volume":"73","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.5.399","article-title":"Infections in the male genital tract and reactive oxygen species","volume":"5","author":"Ochsendorf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3335-4_5","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antioxidants in male infertility","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Male infertility: Springer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61284-9","article-title":"Chemiluminescence technique for measuring reactive oxygen species","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54855-9","article-title":"Formation of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa of infertile patients","volume":"57","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00804.x","article-title":"Chemiluminescence in semen of infertile men","volume":"26","author":"Ochsendorf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-36","article-title":"Proteomics: a subcellular look at spermatozoa","volume":"9","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/ell034","article-title":"HPLC techniques for proteomics analysis\u2013a short overview of latest developments","volume":"5","author":"Mitulovi\u0107","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brief Funct Genomics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.046","article-title":"Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis\u2013based proteomics of male gametes in relation to oxidative stress","volume":"99","author":"Hamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-85","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of seminal fluid from men exhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-48","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human spermatozoa proteins with oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.03.048","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from infertile patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia due to oxidative stress and comparison with fertile volunteers","volume":"100","author":"Herwig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2009.26","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients reveals proteins that affect oxidative stress responses and semen quality","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJA"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction","author":"Organisation","year":"1999","journal-title":"Camb Univ Press"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen: its applicability to andrology laboratories in China","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua nan ke xue Nat J Androl"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.111","article-title":"The use of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in identifying biomarkers of male infertility","volume":"99","author":"Kovac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.06.014","article-title":"The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.09.019","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage has a negative association with live-birth rates after IVF","volume":"26","author":"Simon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat025","article-title":"The source and significance of DNA damage in human spermatozoa; a commentary on diagnostic strategies and straw man fallacies","volume":"19","author":"Aitken","year":"2013","journal-title":"MHR: Basic Sci Reprod Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7783-9_7","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation and base oxidation","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen Dam Hum Spermat"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.366690","article-title":"Electrophilic aldehydes generated by sperm metabolism activate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis by targeting succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"287","author":"Aitken","year":"2012","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der234","article-title":"Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 on human sperm recognize bacterial endotoxins and mediate apoptosis","volume":"26","author":"Fujita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110114","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway involvement in a truncated apoptotic cascade associated with motility loss and oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa","volume":"436","author":"Koppers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.010702","article-title":"Identification of novel in vivo phosphorylation sites of the human proapoptotic protein BAD: pore-forming activity of BAD is regulated by phosphorylation","volume":"284","author":"Polzien","year":"2009","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0964","article-title":"Prolactin exerts a prosurvival effect on human spermatozoa via mechanisms that involve the stimulation of akt phosphorylation and suppression of caspase activation and capacitation","volume":"151","author":"Pujianto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.020487","article-title":"Role of hydrogen peroxide in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction","volume":"70","author":"Rivlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.055","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species modulate independent protein phosphorylation pathways during human sperm capacitation","volume":"40","author":"O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.027","article-title":"Positive role of reactive oxygen species in mammalian sperm capacitation: Triggering and modulation of phosphorylation events","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2003.00564.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species induce reversible capacitation in human spermatozoa","volume":"35","author":"Villegas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.5.2017","article-title":"Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function","volume":"108","author":"Aitken","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.12.017","article-title":"Peroxynitrite participates in mechanisms involved in capacitation of cryopreserved cattle","volume":"110","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1374","article-title":"Rapid and irreversible inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP1B, CD45, and LAR by peroxynitrite","volume":"369","author":"Takakura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophy"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.092528","article-title":"The capacitation-apoptosis highway: Oxysterols and mammalian sperm function","volume":"85","author":"Aitken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.153850","article-title":"Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress","volume":"17","author":"Aitken","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJA"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01953.x","article-title":"Premature capacitation of bovine spermatozoa is initiated by cryopreservation","volume":"18","author":"Cormier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.03.016","article-title":"Antioxidative effects of melatonin on kinetics, microscopic and oxidative parameters of cryopreserved bull spermatozoa","volume":"139","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lifestyle modifications on further reproductive problems","volume":"1","author":"Darbandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cresco J Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.977","article-title":"Regulation of leydig cell steroidogenic function during aging","volume":"63","author":"Zirkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.09.033","article-title":"Experimental testicular torsion: Reperfusion blood flow and subsequent testicular venous plasma testosterone concentrations","volume":"65","author":"Turner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600570040","article-title":"Antioxidant protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondrial P450 systems in steroidogenic cells","volume":"38","author":"Hanukoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05075","article-title":"Aging and the brown Norway rat leydig cell antioxidant defense system","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61730-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the male germ line and its role in the aetiology of male infertility and genetic disease","volume":"7","author":"Aitken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg027","article-title":"Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00404-7","article-title":"Total antioxidant capacity in patients with varicoceles","volume":"79","author":"Meucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.004838","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on antioxidant systems in male secondary hypogonadism","volume":"29","author":"Mancini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.006148","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma","volume":"30","author":"Mancini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1997.tb00328.x","article-title":"Testosterone-induced changes in testicular antioxidant system","volume":"29","author":"Chainy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B54","article-title":"Protection of melatonin against damage of sperm mitochondrial function induced by reactive oxygen species","volume":"10","author":"Shang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua nan ke xue= Natl J Androl"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2012.689923","article-title":"Relationship of seminal plasma antioxidants and serum male hormones with sperm chromatin status in male factor infertility","volume":"58","author":"Lakpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"B56","article-title":"Relationship between serum levels of testosterone, zinc and selenium in infertile males attending fertility clinic in nnewi, south east Nigeria","volume":"41","author":"Oluboyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJMMS"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.121","article-title":"Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters, sperm function and reproductive hormones in infertile men","volume":"182","author":"Safarinejad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.12.3162","article-title":"The impact of testicular and accessory sex gland function on sperm chromatin integrity as assessed by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA)","volume":"17","author":"Richthoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.004416","article-title":"Serum concentrations of estradiol and free T4 are inversely correlated with sperm DNA damage in men from an infertility clinic","volume":"29","author":"Meeker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geh037","article-title":"Antioxidants modulate thyroid hormone-and noradrenaline-induced DNA damage in human sperm","volume":"19","author":"Dobrzy\u0144ska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3275\/7745","article-title":"Effects of highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone on sperm DNA damage in men with male idiopathic subfertility: a pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Palomba","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013326","article-title":"Recombinant human FSH reduces sperm DNA fragmentation in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia","volume":"33","author":"Colacurci","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.7.1811","article-title":"In-vitro effects of FSH and testosterone withdrawal on caspase activation and DNA fragmentation in different cell types of human seminiferous epithelium","volume":"17","author":"Tesarik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12067","article-title":"Effect of folic acid and zinc sulphate on endocrine parameters and seminal antioxidant level after varicocelectomy","volume":"46","author":"Nematollahi-Mahani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.9.5909","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells: Involvement of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein","volume":"274","author":"Manna","year":"1999","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.030","article-title":"Measuring reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with fluorescent probes: challenges and limitations","volume":"52","author":"Kalyanaraman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S72716","article-title":"Enhanced anti-inflammatory potential of cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Adewoyin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.5.1285","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase in the rat testis: Evidence for potential roles in both normal function and inflammation-mediated infertility","volume":"63","author":"O\u2019Bryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6968","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide as a potential target in preventing spermatogenic failure and testicular dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ARS"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.5.1425417","article-title":"Interleukin-1 inhibits leydig cell steroidogenesis primarily by decreasing 17 alpha-hydroxylase\/C17-20 lyase cytochrome P450 expression","volume":"131","author":"Hales","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000752","article-title":"A stereological analysis of the response of spermatogenesis to an acute inflammatory episode in adult rats","volume":"28","author":"Liew","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01042.x","article-title":"Generation of reactive oxygen species in subgroups of infertile men","volume":"13","author":"D\u2019agata","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2003.00537.x","article-title":"Immune\u2013endocrine interactions and leydig cell function: the role of cytokines","volume":"35","author":"Diemer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.017","article-title":"Resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and human semen parameters in the presence of leukocytospermia, smoking habit, and varicocele","volume":"102","author":"Moretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.011486","article-title":"Association of TNF\u03b1, TNFR1, and TNFR2 polymorphisms with sperm concentration and motility","volume":"33","author":"Lazaros","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(01)00063-8","article-title":"A repertoire of cytokines in human seminal plasma","volume":"54","author":"Maegawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem281","article-title":"Concentrations and significance of cytokines and other immunologic factors in semen of healthy fertile men","volume":"22","author":"Politch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.71","article-title":"A local autocrine axis in the testes that regulates spermatogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.07.007","article-title":"Cytokines and junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis in the testis: An emerging concept of regulation","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-148","article-title":"Expression of the TGF-beta1 system in human testicular pathologies","volume":"8","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/014850101316901280","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in seminal plasma of infertile men, and lipid peroxidation of their sperm","volume":"47","author":"Camejo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00031-1","article-title":"Semen quality and presence of cytokines in seminal fluid of bull ejaculates","volume":"60","author":"Vera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136237","article-title":"Andrology: Analysis of sperm movement in relation to the oxidative stress created by leukocytes in washed sperm preparations and seminal plasma","volume":"10","author":"Aitken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.2.492","article-title":"Experimental cryptorchidism induces testicular germ cell apoptosis by p53-dependent and-independent pathways in mice","volume":"58","author":"Yin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B85","first-page":"59","article-title":"Pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance in human semen and its relation with male fertility","volume":"6","author":"Garrido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00709-8","article-title":"Antioxidant system in rat testicular cells","volume":"349","author":"Bauch\u00e9","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS letters."},{"key":"B87","article-title":"Cooperative function of antioxidant and redox systems against oxidative stress in male reproductive tissues","volume":"5","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525","article-title":"Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases","volume":"64","author":"Fridovich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.13.7765","article-title":"Reduced fertility in female mice lacking copper-zinc superoxide dismutase","volume":"273","author":"Ho","year":"1998","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500130517","article-title":"Accelerated impairment of spermatogenic cells in SOD1-knockout mice under heat stress","volume":"39","author":"Ishii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Rad Res"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.102129","article-title":"Impaired fertilizing ability of superoxide dismutase 1-deficient mouse sperm during in vitro fertilization","volume":"87","author":"Tsunoda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1295-376","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00686-4","article-title":"Strain-dependent high-level expression of a transgene for manganese superoxide dismutase is associated with growth retardation and decreased fertility","volume":"31","author":"Raineri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00804-5","article-title":"Nuclear translocation of extracellular superoxide dismutase","volume":"296","author":"Ookawara","year":"2002","journal-title":"BBRC"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00770.2002","article-title":"Gene transfer of extracellular SOD to the penis reduces O 2\u2013\u2022 and improves erectile function in aged rats","volume":"284","author":"Bivalacqua","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950160409","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01197-8","article-title":"Biological significance of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) in mammalian cells","volume":"34","author":"Imai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Rad Biol Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.112","article-title":"Selenium in mammalian spermiogenesis","volume":"388","author":"Floh\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R111.283432","article-title":"Peroxiredoxin functions as a peroxidase and a regulator and sensor of local peroxides","volume":"287","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2801-4","article-title":"Influence of reactive oxygen species on human sperm functions and fertilizing capacity including therapeutical approaches","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/686137","article-title":"Impacts of oxidative stress and antioxidants on semen functions","volume":"2011","author":"Bansal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.76","article-title":"Leukocytes and oxidative stress: Dilemma for sperm function and male fertility","volume":"13","author":"Henkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJA"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21086","article-title":"The effect of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on leukocytes depends on age and physical training in healthy human subjects carrying the same genotypes of antioxidant enzymes\u2019 gene polymorphisms","volume":"22","author":"Miranda-Vilela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02197-9","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide in the human body","volume":"486","author":"Halliwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS letters."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0425-7","article-title":"Contemporary evidence on the physiological role of reactive oxygen species in human sperm function","volume":"32","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135100001101536373","article-title":"The haber-Weiss cycle\u201370 years later","volume":"6","author":"Koppenol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(99)00020-1","article-title":"Nitric oxide metabolism and breakdown","volume":"1411","author":"Kelm","year":"1999","journal-title":"BBA"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04237-1","article-title":"Leukocytospermia is associated with increased reactive oxygen species production by human spermatozoa","volume":"78","author":"Saleh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-41088-2_14","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutation and depletion increase the susceptibility of human cells to apoptosis","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mitochondrial Pathogenesis: Springer"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00983-X","article-title":"Alterations in mitochondria membrane potential and oxidative stress in infertile men: a prospective observational study","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.022","article-title":"Effect of reactive oxygen species produced by spermatozoa and leukocytes on sperm functions in non-leukocytospermic patients","volume":"83","author":"Henkel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.005","article-title":"The significance of sperm DNA oxidation in embryo development and reproductive outcome in an oocyte donation program: A new model to study a male infertility prognostic factor","volume":"89","author":"Meseguer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120240206","article-title":"Catalase activity in human spermatozoa and seminal plasma","volume":"24","author":"Jeulin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gamet Res"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00559.x","article-title":"Clinical relevance of oxidative stress in male factor infertility: an update","volume":"59","author":"Agarwal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.037","article-title":"Differences in the seminal plasma proteome are associated with oxidative stress levels in men with normal semen parameters","volume":"104","author":"Intasqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010203","article-title":"Proteomic signatures reveal differences in stress response, antioxidant defense and proteasomal activity in fertile men with high seminal ROS levels","volume":"20","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.02.013","article-title":"Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"29","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239113","article-title":"Seminal plasma proteomic biomarkers of oxidative stress","volume":"21","author":"Cannarella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy007","article-title":"A history of why fathers\u2019 RNA matters","volume":"99","author":"G\u00f2dia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab1287","article-title":"Absence of sperm RNA elements correlates with idiopathic male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Jodar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0503","article-title":"Spermatozoal transcriptome profiling for bull sperm motility: A potential tool to evaluate semen quality","volume":"138","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13022","article-title":"Characterisation of sperm piRNAs and their correlation with semen quality traits in swine","volume":"52","author":"Ablondi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64711-z","article-title":"Identification of circular RNAs in porcine sperm and evaluation of their relation to sperm motility","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f2dia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.06.022","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of bull spermatozoa: Implications for male fertility","volume":"21","author":"Feugang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-82","article-title":"Dynamics of microRNAs in bull spermatozoa","volume":"10","author":"Govindaraju","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der329","article-title":"A survey of small RNAs in human sperm","volume":"26","author":"Krawetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14029","article-title":"Spermatozoal transcripts associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential differ between high-and low-fertile crossbred bulls","volume":"53","author":"Saraf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38462-x","article-title":"Integrated analysis of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the semen from Holstein bulls with high and low sperm motility","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13764","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202971","article-title":"LncRNAs induce oxidative stress and spermatogenesis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum genes and pathways","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00299","article-title":"A RNA-seq analysis to describe the boar sperm transcriptome and its seasonal changes","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f2dia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19825","article-title":"Common SNP in hsa-miR-196a-2 increases hsa-miR-196a-5p expression and predisposes to idiopathic male infertility in Chinese han population","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det099","article-title":"Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia: Significant up-regulation of miR-141, miR-429 and miR-7-1-3p","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0506-7","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-322 promotes apoptosis of GC-2 cell by targeting Ddx3x","volume":"17","author":"Che","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Boil Endocrinol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12664","article-title":"Expression of miRNA-371a-3p in seminal plasma and ejaculate is associated with sperm concentration","volume":"7","author":"Radtke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24229","article-title":"Systematic characterization of seminal plasma piRNAs as molecular biomarkers for male infertility","volume":"6","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gas022","article-title":"Seminal plasma microRNAs: Potential biomarkers for spermatogenesis status","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_8_18","article-title":"Seminal plasma miR-192a: a biomarker predicting successful resolution of nonobstructive azoospermia following varicocele repair","volume":"20","author":"Zhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJA"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04948-8","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction","volume":"79","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22871","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species as mediators of sperm capacitation and pathological damage","volume":"84","author":"Aitken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13012","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species impact on sperm DNA and its role in male infertility","volume":"50","author":"Bui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1034-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis","volume":"87","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.09.009","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in human semen: validation and qualification of a chemiluminescence assay","volume":"102","author":"Vessey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0677-5","article-title":"Diagnostic application of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma to assess oxidative stress in male factor infertility","volume":"33","author":"Roychoudhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.1998.00106.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals in human spermatozoa: Relashionships with semen quality and sperm function","volume":"21","author":"Gomes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Androl sL."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-12-0404","article-title":"Development of a specific method to evaluate 8-hydroxy, 2-deoxyguanosine in sperm nuclei: relationship with semen quality in a cohort of 94 subjects","volume":"145","author":"Cambi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq214","article-title":"Analysis of the relationships between oxidative stress, DNA damage and sperm vitality in a patient population: Development of diagnostic criteria","volume":"25","author":"Aitken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.045","article-title":"Mystery of idiopathic male infertility: Is oxidative stress an actual risk","volume":"99","author":"Aktan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10030236","article-title":"A comparison between two assays for measuring seminal oxidative stress and their relationship with sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters","volume":"10","author":"Homa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.046","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation: Mechanisms of origin, impact on reproductive outcome, and analysis","volume":"93","author":"Sakkas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2018.11.002","article-title":"The relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation, free radicals and antioxidant capacity with idiopathic repeated pregnancy loss","volume":"18","author":"Kamkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13263","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation index influences assisted reproductive technology outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis combined with a retrospective cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.013","article-title":"Systematic review of antioxidant types and doses in male infertility: Benefits on semen parameters, advanced sperm function, assisted reproduction and live-birth rate","volume":"16","author":"Majzoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.013","article-title":"MiOXSYS: a novel method of measuring oxidation reduction potential in semen and seminal plasma","volume":"106","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1136","article-title":"The current state of eukaryotic DNA base damage and repair","volume":"43","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.121657","article-title":"The presence of a truncated base excision repair pathway in human spermatozoa that is mediated by OGG1","volume":"126","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"JCS"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04689","article-title":"8-oxoguanine causes spontaneous de novo germline mutations in mice","volume":"4","author":"Ohno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122979","article-title":"The future is coming: Artificial intelligence in the treatment of infertility could improve assisted reproduction outcomes\u2013the value of regulatory frameworks","volume":"12","author":"Medenica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:17:56Z","timestamp":1676247476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"references-count":158,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"article-number":"1070692"}}