{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:25:37Z","timestamp":1793053537995,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011995","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sant Pau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with Cushing\u2019s disease (CD) in remission maintain an increased cardiovascular risk. Impaired characteristics of gut microbiome (dysbiosis) have been associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-eight female non-diabetic patients with CD in remission with a mean \u00b1 SD) age of 51 \u00b1 9 years, mean ( \u00b1 SD) BMI, 26 \u00b1 4, median (IQR) duration of remission, 11(4) years and 24 gender-, age, BMI\u2013matched controls were included. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was PCR amplified and sequenced to analyse microbial alpha diversity (Chao 1 index, observed number of species, Shannon index) and beta diversity analysis through the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances. Inter-group difference in microbiome composition was analysed using MaAsLin2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Chao 1 index was lower in CD as compared with controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, q = 0.002), indicating lower microbial richness in the former. Beta diversity analysis showed that faecal samples from CS patients clustered together and separated from the controls (Adonis test, p&amp;lt;0.05). <jats:italic>Collinsella<\/jats:italic>, a genus form of the Actinobacteria phylum was present in CD patients only, whereas <jats:italic>Sutterella<\/jats:italic>, a genus from <jats:italic>Proteobacteria phylum<\/jats:italic>, was scarcely detectable\/undetectable in CD patients as well as <jats:italic>Lachnospira<\/jats:italic>, a genus of the <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> family of the <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> phylum. In CS, the Chao 1 index was associated with fibrinogen levels and inversely correlated with both triglyceride concentrations and the HOMA-IR index (p&amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CS in remission have gut microbial dysbiosis which may be one of the mechanisms whereby cardiometabolic dysfunctions persist after \u201ccure\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1074757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T12:49:00Z","timestamp":1685969340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gut microbial dysbiosis in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease in long-term remission. 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