{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:19:53Z","timestamp":1789885193417,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of hypertension. It is more prevalent in patients with diabetes. We assessed the cardiovascular impact of PA in patients with established hypertension and diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2008-2016) was used to identify adults with PA with hypertension and diabetes comorbidities and then compared to non-PA patients. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, acute renal failure, atrial fibrillation, and acute heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48,434,503 patients with hypertension and diabetes were included in the analysis, of whom 12,850 (0.03%) were diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA). Compared to patients with hypertension and diabetes but no PA, those with PA were more likely to be younger [63(13) vs. 67 (14), male (57.1% vs. 48.3%), and African-Americans (32% vs. 18.5%) (p&amp;lt;0.001 for all). PA was associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted OR 1.076 [1.076-1.077]), ischemic stroke [adjusted OR 1.049 (1.049-1.05)], hemorrhagic stroke [adjusted OR 1.05 (1.05-1.051)], acute renal failure [adjusted OR 1.058 (1.058-1.058)], acute heart failure [OR 1.104 (1.104-1.104)], and atrial fibrillation [adjusted OR 1.034 (1.033-1.034)]. As expected, older age and underlying cardiovascular disease were the strongest predictors of mortality. However, the female gender conferred protection [OR 0.889 (0.886-0.892].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary hyperaldosteronism in patients with hypertension and diabetes is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1147225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T04:47:46Z","timestamp":1685076466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Primary hyperaldosteronism is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients with hypertension and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Krishnadev","family":"Pillai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Dargham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jassim","family":"Al Suwaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Jayyousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charbel","family":"Abi 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