{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:21:58Z","timestamp":1792790518975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal hypothyroidism before and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; many studies have evidenced that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) triggers a significant increase in the levels of TSH; however, no large-scale prospective studies have evaluated the impact of TSH levels after COH on assisted reproductive technology outcomes. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF\/ICSI) outcomes are affected by TSH levels after COH in women with fresh embryo transfer (ET).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 664 patients who underwent IVF\/ICSI treatment and received fresh ET at the Peking University Third Hospital were included in this study. The rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, and preterm delivery were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients were categorized into two groups based on serum TSH levels after COH (0.55 mIU\/L &amp;lt; TSH &amp;lt; 2.5 mIU\/L: n= 449, 2.5 mIU\/L \u2264 TSH \u2264 4.78 mIU\/L: n= 215). There were no significant differences in the rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth between the two groups, even after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), thyroid antibody positivity, and COH protocols. However, the preterm delivery rate was significantly higher in women with TSH &amp;lt; 2.5 mIU\/L than in those with TSH \u2265 2.5 mIU\/L, even after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. There was no significant difference in live birth weight between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mildly elevated TSH levels (TSH \u2265 2.5 mIU\/L) after COH did not affect IVF\/ICSI outcomes, and strict control of TSH levels within 2.5 mIU\/L after COH might not be necessary. Additionally, strictly controlled TSH levels (TSH &amp;lt; 2.5 mIU\/L) may increase preterm delivery risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1159991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T02:19:56Z","timestamp":1693361996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in women with fresh embryo transfer: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr024","article-title":"Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"van den Boogaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502753451986","article-title":"Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Abalovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410801","article-title":"Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child","volume":"341","author":"Haddow","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Itc1","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202007070","article-title":"Hypothyroidism","volume":"173","author":"McDermott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2803","article-title":"Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"De Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"European Thyroid Association Guideline on Thyroid Disorders prior to and during Assisted Reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Poppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5723","article-title":"Preconception thyrotropin levels and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women aged 20 to 49 years","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28892","article-title":"Association of preconception thyrotropin levels with fecundability and risk of spontaneous abortion in China","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa302","article-title":"The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in women with history of miscarriage or subfertility","volume":"105","author":"Dhillon-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02206-0","article-title":"Changes in thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its impact on assisted reproduction technology (ART) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.01.029","article-title":"Thyroid function modifications in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Busnelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.08.026","article-title":"Preconceptional antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, but not thyroid-stimulating hormone, are associated with decreased live birth rates in infertile women","volume":"108","author":"Seungdamrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"1056484","article-title":"High-normal preconception TSH levels have no adverse effects on reproductive outcomes in infertile women undergoing the first single fresh D5 blastocyst transfer","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-017-0257-2","article-title":"Outcome of in vitro fertilization in women with subclinical hypothyroidism","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac208","article-title":"and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China: A nationwide prospective cohort study","volume":"107","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.03.040","article-title":"Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"194","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"Cd011263","article-title":"Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health","volume":"2015","author":"Spencer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1159991\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T02:20:05Z","timestamp":1693362005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1159991\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1159991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1159991","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"article-number":"1159991"}}