{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:38:18Z","timestamp":1792165098545,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002889","name":"Foundation for Prader-Willi Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015972","name":"Westpac Scholars Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001047","name":"Ian Potter Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oxytocin and vasopressin systems are altered in Prader Willi syndrome (PWS). However, investigations into endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin levels as well as clinical trials evaluating the effect of exogenous oxytocin on PWS symptoms have had mixed results. It is also unknown whether endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin levels are associated with certain PWS behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared plasma oxytocin and vasopressin and saliva oxytocin levels in 30 adolescents and adults with PWS to 30 typically developing age-matched controls. We also compared neuropeptide levels between gender and genetic subtypes within the PWS cohort and examined the relationship between neuropeptide levels and PWS behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While we did not measure a group difference in plasma or saliva oxytocin levels, plasma vasopressin was significantly lower in individuals with PWS compared to controls. Within the PWS cohort, saliva oxytocin levels were higher in females compared to males and individuals with the mUPD compared to the deletion genetic subtype. We also found the neuropeptides correlated with different PWS behaviours for males and females and for genetic subtypes. For the deletion group, higher plasma and saliva oxytocin levels were related to fewer behaviour problems. For the mUPD group, higher plasma vasopressin levels were related to more behaviour problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings support existing evidence of a vasopressin system defect in PWS and for the first time identify potential differences in the oxytocin and vasopressin systems across PWS genetic subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T04:25:06Z","timestamp":1685334306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The relationship between endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin levels and the Prader-Willi syndrome behaviour phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lauren J.","family":"Rice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Agu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Sue","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans P.","family":"Nazarloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habiba","family":"Naanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart L.","family":"Einfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00396.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"J paediatrics Child Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105301","article-title":"Molecular genetic classification in prader-willi syndrome: a multisite cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.0b013e31822bead0","article-title":"Prader-willi syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Cassidy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.398","article-title":"Prader-willi syndrome: consensus diagnostic criteria","volume":"91","author":"Holm","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006736","article-title":"Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: evidence from a population-based study of people with prader-willi syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Holland","year":"2003","journal-title":"psychol Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31442","article-title":"The developmental trajectory of disruptive behavior in down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, prader\u2013willi syndrome and williams syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Rice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part C: Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases4010009","article-title":"The developmental trajectory of self-injurious behaviours in individuals with prader willi syndrome, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"4","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.40480","article-title":"The characteristics of temper outbursts in prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"176","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990115)82:2<123::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Behavior and emotional disturbance in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Einfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-021-09373-2","article-title":"Behavioral features in prader-willi syndrome (Pws): consensus paper from the international pws clinical trial consortium","volume":"13","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.10.006","article-title":"A review of psychiatric conceptions of mental and behavioural disorders in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Whittington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.897138","article-title":"Family matters: trauma and quality of life in family members of individuals with prader-willi syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Bos-Roubos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12950","article-title":"\u2018The cure for us is a lot of things\u2019: how young people with prader-willi syndrome view themselves and future clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Dykens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellectual Disabil"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61915","article-title":"Parenting stress in families of children with prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"185","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10121025","article-title":"Defining mental and behavioural disorders in genetically determined neurodevelopmental syndromes with particular reference to prader-willi syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Holland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000391","article-title":"A review of clinical trials of oxytocin in prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.2.573","article-title":"Alterations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and its oxytocin neurons (Putative satiety cells) in prader-willi syndrome: a study of five cases","volume":"80","author":"Swaab","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115110","article-title":"Oxytocin pathways and the evolution of human behavior","volume":"65","author":"Carter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.120.019398","article-title":"Is oxytocin \u201cNature\u2019s medicine\u201d","volume":"72","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158668","article-title":"Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality","volume":"322","author":"Donaldson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64435-0","article-title":"Sex differences in vasopressin and other neurotransmitter systems in the brain","volume":"61","author":"De Vries","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13004","article-title":"The multiple faces of the oxytocin and vasopressin systems in the brain","volume":"33","author":"Grinevich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00335","article-title":"Oxytocin and vasopressin: linking pituitary neuropeptides and their receptors to social neurocircuits","volume":"9","author":"Baribeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706383","article-title":"Selectivity of d [Cha4] avp and Ssr149415 at human vasopressin and oxytocin receptors: evidence that Ssr149415 is a mixed vasopressin V1b\/Oxytocin receptor antagonist","volume":"146","author":"Griffante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2004.05.001","article-title":"Vasopressin and oxytocin release within the brain: a dynamic concept of multiple and variable modes of neuropeptide communication","volume":"25","author":"Landgraf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31606","article-title":"Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Bittel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01143-0","article-title":"Patients with pws and related syndromes display differentially methylated regions involved in neurodevelopmental and nutritional trajectory","volume":"13","author":"Salles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02014-9","article-title":"Distinct promoter regions of the oxytocin receptor gene are hypomethylated in prader-willi syndrome and in prader-willi syndrome associated psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Heseding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.005","article-title":"Prader willi syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"12","author":"Camfferman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2008.165","article-title":"Prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Cassidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.018","article-title":"A transcriptomic signature of the hypothalamic response to fasting and bdnf deficiency in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Bochukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104870","article-title":"Linking oxytocin and arginine vasopressin signaling abnormalities to social behavior impairments in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"142","author":"Oztan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2003.09.003","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic aspects of adult prader\u2013willi syndrome with special emphasis on the effect of growth hormone treatment","volume":"14","author":"H\u00f6ybye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth hormone IGF Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00077-7","article-title":"Peptides associated with hyperphagia in adults with prader\u2013willi syndrome before and during gh treatment","volume":"13","author":"H\u00f6ybye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Growth Hormone IGF Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37488","article-title":"Elevated plasma oxytocin levels in children with prader\u2013willi syndrome compared with healthy unrelated siblings","volume":"170","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00190-5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of oxytocin in prader\u2013willi syndrome: a preliminary report","volume":"44","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14387","article-title":"Oxytocin in young children with prader-willi syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating 3 months of oxytocin","volume":"94","author":"Damen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13169","article-title":"Promising effects of oxytocin on social and food-related behaviour in young children with prader\u2013willi syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial","volume":"85","author":"Kuppens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38160","article-title":"Oxytocin treatment in children with prader\u2013willi syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study","volume":"173","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-6-47","article-title":"Oxytocin may be useful to increase trust in others and decrease disruptive behaviours in patients with prader-willi syndrome: a randomised placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients","volume":"6","author":"Tauber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2976","article-title":"The use of oxytocin to improve feeding and social skills in infants with prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Tauber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36653","article-title":"A double-blind randomized controlled trial of oxytocin nasal spray in prader willi syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Einfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.11.006","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo for hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors in children with prader-willi syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"137","author":"Hollander","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285291500019X","article-title":"The neurobiology of aggression and violence","volume":"20","author":"Rosell","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS spectrums"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00427-5","article-title":"Oxytocin, vasopressin and sociality","volume":"170","author":"Carter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.2.591","article-title":"Attenuation of the polypeptide 7b2, prohormone convertase Pc2, and vasopressin in the hypothalamus of some prader-willi patients: indications for a processing defect","volume":"83","author":"Gabree\u00fcls","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bionps.2021.100039","article-title":"Reduced pituitary volume with relative T1 shortening correlates with behavior in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomarkers Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence","author":"Wechsler","year":"1999"},{"key":"B49","article-title":"Developmental behaviour checklist (Dbc)","author":"Einfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Victoria"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32472","article-title":"Reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"171","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part B: Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00470.x","article-title":"Assessment of change with the developmental behaviour checklist","volume":"47","author":"Clarke","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intellectual Disability Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.03.154","article-title":"Development of the hyperphagia questionnaire for use in prader-willi syndrome clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Fehnel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.216","article-title":"Assessment of hyperphagia in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Dykens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B54","volume-title":"Unmasking the face: a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues","author":"Ekman","year":"1975"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01348.x","article-title":"Recognition of emotion in facial expression by people with prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Whittington","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intellectual Disability Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220100202X","article-title":"Prevalence of, and risk factors for, physical ill-health in people with prader-willi syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"44","author":"Butler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27126","article-title":"Sleepiness and sleep disordered breathing in prader-willi syndrome: relationship to genotype, growth hormone therapy, and body composition","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9632","article-title":"Establishing the content validity of the epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents in prader-willi syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.08.025","article-title":"Sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"176","author":"Carter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.05.018","article-title":"Challenges for measuring oxytocin: the blind men and the elephant","volume":"107","author":"MacLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104419","article-title":"Plasma oxytocin and vasopressin levels in young and older men and women: functional relationships with attachment and cognition","volume":"110","author":"Plasencia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.11.002","article-title":"Menstrual cycle-related fluctuations in oxytocin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Engel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01719-z","article-title":"Advances in human oxytocin measurement: challenges and proposed solutions","volume":"28","author":"Tabak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34171","article-title":"Physical health problems in adults with prader\u2013willi syndrome","volume":"155","author":"Sinnema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"47","article-title":"Altered oxytocin and vasopressin levels in autistic children in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Al-Ayadhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci J"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2006.08.003","article-title":"Reduced plasma apelin levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorder","volume":"38","author":"Boso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132224","article-title":"Arginine vasopressin is a blood-based biomarker of social functioning in children with autism","volume":"10","author":"Carson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1270","article-title":"Oxytocin and vasopressin in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: sex differences and associations with symptoms","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-016-0046-5","article-title":"Plasma oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin levels in children with autism spectrum disorder in China: associations with symptoms","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S207580","article-title":"Differences in oxytocin and vasopressin levels in individuals suffering from the autism spectrum disorders vs general population\u2013a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Wilczy\u0144ski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104870","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial shows that intranasal vasopressin improves social deficits in children with autism","volume":"11","author":"Parker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1717","article-title":"Balovaptan vs placebo for social communication in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Hollander","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI144450","article-title":"Correction of vasopressin deficit in the lateral septum ameliorates social deficits of mouse autism model","volume":"131","author":"Borie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211034375","article-title":"Oxytocin levels tend to be lower in autistic children: a meta-analysis of 31 studies","volume":"25","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111545","article-title":"Endogenous oxytocin levels in autism\u2013a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Moerkerke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.04.017","article-title":"The correlation between central and peripheral oxytocin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Valstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.052","article-title":"Exploring associations between postpartum depression and oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and saliva","volume":"315","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12596","article-title":"Oxytocin levels in saliva correlate better than plasma levels with concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in neurocritical care","volume":"30","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9200-2","article-title":"Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with prader-willi syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Dykens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100775","article-title":"Demographic, sampling-and assay-related confounders of endogenous oxytocin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Engel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2022.100165","article-title":"Sex matters: the impact of oxytocin on healthy conditions and psychiatric disorders","volume":"13","author":"Marazziti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.04.018","article-title":"Problems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted","volume":"37","author":"McCullough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"100151","article-title":"Love and fear: a special issue","volume-title":"Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol","author":"Carter","year":"2022"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31693","article-title":"Proteomics tools reveal startlingly high amounts of oxytocin in plasma and serum","volume":"6","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.11.015","article-title":"Unextracted plasma oxytocin levels decrease following in-laboratory social exclusion in young adults with a suicide attempt history","volume":"121","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.107718","article-title":"Maternal prenatal plasma oxytocin is positively associated with prenatal psychological symptoms, but method of immunoassay extraction may affect results","volume":"147","author":"Saxbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183525\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T04:25:11Z","timestamp":1685334311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183525\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"article-number":"1183525"}}