{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1794331685858,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the potential correlation between obesity and overweight, and the vulnerability to urinary incontinence (UI) in women aged middle-aged and above.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for observational studies published between the inception of the databases and April 25, 2023.\u00a0A fixed-effects model was used when the P&amp;gt;0.1 and the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2264 50%. In cases where I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2265 50% (indicating significant heterogeneity), a random-effects model was applied. For the purpose of evaluating publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger\u2019s test were used. Stata 14.0 was used for all statistical analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta-analysis includes 16 observational studies, covering29,618 individuals. The pooled analysis shows that being overweight(25 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2264BMI&amp;lt;30kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in middle-aged and elderly women is more likely to develop UI (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.17-1.37; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a051.8%, P=0.013). Middle-aged and elderly women with obesity(30 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2264BMI&amp;lt;35 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) are significantly more likely to develop UI (OR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.42-1.81; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a071.8%, P=0.000). In addition, the results indicated a higher probability of UI in middle-aged and older women with obesity class II (BMI\u226535 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.59-2.16; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                      48.1%, P=0.103). In subgroup analysis, there is no direct relationship between the obesity in middle-aged and elderly women and an increased risk of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 0.99-1.74; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a063.7%, P=0.011). In middle-aged and elderly women with obesity are more likely to develop urgent urinary incontinence (UUI) (OR=2.11; 95% CI: 1.54-2.89; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a080.2%, P=0.000).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this meta-analysis, overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of UI in middle-aged and elderly women. Obesity and overweight are independent risk factors for UI, as demonstrated by this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:uri>\n                      , identifier CRD42023421986.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1696908076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Association of overweight, obesity and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a meta epidemiology 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