{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:41:41Z","timestamp":1790048501162,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS) is a condition of hypercortisolism caused by non-pituitary tumors that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). A rare occurrence of this syndrome is due to an ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the gallbladder. One patient with severe hypokalemia and alkalosis was admitted to our hospital. Clinical presentations and radiographic findings confirmed the diagnosis of an aggressive ACTH-producing gallbladder malignancy with multiple liver metastases. The diagnosis was verified by pathological and immunohistochemical measurements from a biopsy of the hepatic metastasis. A literature review identified only four similar cases had been reported. Despite being rare and having a poor prognosis, hormone-producing neuroendocrine tumors that derive from the gallbladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1224381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T06:30:05Z","timestamp":1694586605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ACTH-producing small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from the gallbladder: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiya","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoying","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1542","article-title":"The ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, management, and longterm follow-up","volume":"91","author":"Isidori","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-27302007000800007","article-title":"Ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Isidori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.6.473","article-title":"ACTH-secreting 'apudoma' of gallbladder","volume":"16","author":"Spence","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1986.tb01667.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: comparison of the features in ectopic and pituitary ACTH production","volume":"24","author":"Howlett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738888","article-title":"ACTH-producing cholangiocarcinoma associated with Cushing\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Papastratis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v2.i1.56","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome caused by an ACTH-producing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2001.0218","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor markers","volume":"22","author":"Lamberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-20-12-1539","article-title":"Tests of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Liddle","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","article-title":"Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update","volume":"9","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.282871","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care","volume":"593","author":"Raff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14008","article-title":"The clinical impact of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET\/CT for the diagnosis and management of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone - 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