{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T15:23:55Z","timestamp":1793892235213,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016330","name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine the influence of repeated embryo implantation failures on pregnancy outcomes among patients under 40 years of age undergoing <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer (IVF\/ICSI-ET).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 13,172 patients who underwent 16,975 IVF\/ICSI-ET treatment cycles at Henan Reproductive Hospital between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the number of previous embryo implantation failure cycles: Group A=no implantation failure, Group B= 1 implantation failure, Group C=2 implantation failures, Group D=\u22653 implantation failures. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. The impact of the number of previous embryo implantation failures on pregnancy outcomes among IVF\/ICSI-ET patients was investigated using univariate and multiple regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that factors such as the number of previous embryo implantation failures, female age, basal follicle count, endometrial thickness, total number of oocytes retrieved, type of cycle, number of high-quality embryos transferred, and stage of embryo development significantly affected implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early spontaneous abortion rate, and live birth rate (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The duration of infertility and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were also found to influence implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Upon conducting multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusting for confounding factors such as age, AMH levels, basal follicle count, endometrial thickness, total number of oocytes obtained, cycle type, number of high-quality embryos transferred, ovarian stimulation protocol, and stage of embryo development, it was revealed that, compared to Group A, Groups B, C, and D exhibited significantly lower implantation and live birth rates, as well as a significantly higher risk of early spontaneous abortion (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of previous embryo implantation failures is an independent factor affecting implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, spontaneous abortion rate and live birth rate of patients underwent IVF\/ICSI-ET. With the increase of the number of previous embryo implantation failures, the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of patients underwent IVF\/ICSI-ET decreased significantly, and the rate of early spontaneous abortion gradually increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:25:51Z","timestamp":1696433151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of the number of previous embryo implantation failures on IVF\/ICSI-ET pregnancy outcomes in patients younger than 40 years: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Jingjing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tiantain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Huanhuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Qiaohua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv016","article-title":"Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies, and global movements in the 21st century0]","volume":"21","author":"Inhorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum ReprodUpdate"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990:a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102497","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.014","article-title":"Short-term copper intrauterine device placement improves the implantation and pregnancy rates in women with repeated implantation failure","volume":"108","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa317","article-title":"Definition, diagnostic and therapeutic options in recurrent implantation failure: an international survey of clinicians and embryologists","volume":"36","author":"Cimadomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025034","article-title":"The number of previous failed embryo transfer cycles is an independent factor affecting implantation rate in women undergoing IVF\/ICSI treatment: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med(Baltim)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.07.740","article-title":"Assisted reproduction policies in Israel: a retrospective analysis of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"102","author":"Simonstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17296","article-title":"Live-birth rate associated with repeat in vitro fertilization treatment cycles","volume":"314","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13705\/j.issn.1671\u20136825.2021.09.053","article-title":"Impact of miscarriage in the first complete cycle of human assisted reproductive technology pregnancy on the outcome of subsequent cycles of assisted conception","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Zhengzhou Univ (Medical Edition)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13263\/j.cnki.nja.2010.11.02","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in repeated cycles of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Male Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.010","article-title":"Is there a limit for the number of in vitro fertilization cycles for an individual patient","volume":"91","author":"Homburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab014","article-title":"Leave the past behind: women\u2019s reproductive history shows no association with blastocysts\u2019 euploidy and limited association with live birth rates after euploid embryo transfers","volume":"4","author":"Danilo","year":"","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.08.011","article-title":"Recurrent implantation failure: definition and management","volume":"28","author":"Coughlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on the clinical management of recurrent implantation failure","volume":"103","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0529\u2013567x.2019.12.001","article-title":"New perspectives on the etiology and treatment of recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Obstetrics Gynecology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.04.026","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization decreases to a plateau with repeated cycles","volume":"84","author":"Silberstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Sterility"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12135","article-title":"Preimplantation genetic screening among women experiencing recurrent failure of in vitro fertilization","volume":"137","author":"Hatirnaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J GYNECOL OBSTET"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw028","article-title":"Ovarian ageing: the role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles","volume":"22","author":"May-Panloup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2013018\u20130414\u20132","article-title":"Recurrent Implantation Failure-update overview on etiology, diagnosis,treatment and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Bashiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.354","article-title":"Impact of chronic endometritis on endometrial receptivity analysis results and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Kuroda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20130282(01)01979\u20133","article-title":"Dramatic declines in implantation and pregnancy rates in patients who undergo repeated cycles of in vitro fertilization with blastocyst transfer after one or more failed attempts","volume":"76","author":"Shapiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.09.014","article-title":"A review of the pathophysiology of recurrent implantation failure","volume":"116","author":"Franasiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3969\/.jissn.1004-3845","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after repeated vitrification of frozen-thawed embryos for transfer","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.002","article-title":"Rate of true recurrent implantation failure is low: results of three successive frozen euploid single embryo transfers","volume":"115","author":"Pirtea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2013015\u20133639\u20138","article-title":"Biochemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion in first IVF cycles are negative predictors for subsequent cycles: an over 10,000 cases cohort study","volume":"292","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.12.006","article-title":"What exactly do we mean by \u2018recurrent implantation failure\u2019? A systematic review and opinion","volume":"28","author":"Polanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112141-20220421-00259","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent miscarriage (2022)","volume":"57","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Obstetrics Gynecology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243402\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:26:04Z","timestamp":1696433164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243402\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"article-number":"1243402"}}