{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:56:14Z","timestamp":1793818574230,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in combination with metformin that is approved for use worldwide in patients with type 2 diabetes and to provide evidence-based support and reference for the selection of clinical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their respective inception until September 30, 2022. Only randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) were included. The 10 GLP-1RAs are exenatide (including exenatide twice daily and once weekly), liraglutide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide, PEX168, semaglutide (subcutaneous and oral semaglutide), tirzepatide and albiglutide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>34 RCTs with 10 GLP-1RAs and 12993 patients were included in the Network Meta-Analysis (NMA). According to the NMA, tirzepatide 15 mg, semaglutide 1.0 mg, PEX168-200\u03bcg, oral semaglutide 14 and dulaglutide 1.5 mg reduced HbA1c by -2.23%, -1.57%, -1.12%, -1.10%, -1.09% and body weight by -11.33\u00a0kg, -5.99\u00a0kg, +0.40 kg, -3.95\u00a0kg, -1.87\u00a0kg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events for tirzepatide 15 mg, oral-semaglutide 14 mg, and semaglutide 1.0 mg. PEX168-200\u03bcg, tirzepatide 15mg, and oral semaglutide 14mg had Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) values greater than placebo, and only tirzepatide 15mg and oral semaglutide 14mg were significantly different from placebo in the rate of serious adverse events. All GLP-1RA did not lead to increased incidence of hypoglycemia. Albiglutide 30mg and semaglutide 1.0mg significantly differed from placebo in Adverse Event (AE) withdrawal. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis results indicate that the study results are reliable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study\u2019s results showed that GLP-1RAs were effective in lowering HbA1c and reducing body weight without increased incidence of hypoglycemic reactions. In addition, this study may provide reference and evidence-based medical evidence for clinicians to select GLP-1RAs in patients with T2D and high body mass index (BMI). Based on the NMA results, tirzepatide 15mg and semaglutide 1.0mg may be preferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1244432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T07:42:39Z","timestamp":1693208559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 10 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangye","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0007","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. @ in 2017","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m997","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: national cross-sectional study","volume":"369","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948 959","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.168118","article-title":"Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults","volume":"310","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515 2523","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7596","article-title":"Prevalence and ethnic pattern of diabetes and prediabetes in China in 2013","volume":"317","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30027-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal burdens of prediabetes in the USA: analysis of data from serial cross-sectional surveys, 1988-2014","volume":"6","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.11.008","article-title":"Prediabetes and outcome of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5953","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5953","article-title":"Association between prediabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"355","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-Sint","article-title":"Introduction: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/250S2213-8587(19)30249-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"7","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037885","article-title":"Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associations with cardiovascular and mortality risks","volume":"139","author":"Sattar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by 255 representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S391819","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of liraglutide and semaglutide on weight loss in people with obesity or overweight: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","year":"2021"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01344-0","article-title":"CAPTURE: a multinational, cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease prevalence in adults with type 2 diabetes across 13 countries","volume":"20","author":"Mosenzon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.19538\/j.nk2021080106","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020 edition)","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0024","article-title":"HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin","volume":"37","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12414","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1\u2009year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5","volume":"17","author":"Home","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14163","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12397","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injections added to metformin effectively improve glycemic control and exhibit favorable safety in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2479","article-title":"Once-daily liraglutide versus lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes: A 26-week randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Nauck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2541","article-title":"Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial (GetGoal-M-Asia)","volume":"30","author":"Yu Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12328","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with Type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal-F1)","volume":"31","author":"Bolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2709","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X)","volume":"36","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M)","volume":"36","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107519","article-title":"Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Fr\u00edas","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32260-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"392","author":"Frias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00085-7","article-title":"Effects of subcutaneous tirzepatide versus placebo or semaglutide on pancreatic islet function and insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm, phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Heise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13979","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate different dose-escalation regimens","volume":"22","author":"Frias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13764","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an expanded dulaglutide dose range: A phase 2, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin","volume":"21","author":"Frias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12479","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of once-weekly dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 2\u2009years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-5): a randomized, phase III study","volume":"17","author":"Weinstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60976-4","article-title":"Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"384","author":"Dungan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2760","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1)","volume":"37","author":"Wysham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31271-1","article-title":"Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial","volume":"394","author":"Pratley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30024-X","article-title":"Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial","volume":"6","author":"Pratley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0417","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-week, open-label, randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Ahmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0890-5","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial to assess the effect of liraglutide on ectopic fat accumulation in South Asian type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"18","author":"van Eyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1355","article-title":"LEAD-2 Study Group. Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study","volume":"32","author":"Nauck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2124","article-title":"LEAD-4 Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)","volume":"32","author":"Zinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1472-y","article-title":"Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes 5 (LEAD-5) met+SU Study Group. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60659-0","article-title":"LEAD-6 Study Group. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)","volume":"374","author":"Buse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.02.027","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of twice-daily exenatide in Taiwanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"112","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03699","article-title":"Exenatide plus metformin compared with metformin alone on \u03b2-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Derosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.11.019","article-title":"Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"123","author":"Apovian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.09.037","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea","volume":"83","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1083","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea","volume":"28","author":"Kendall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1092","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61267-7","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study","volume":"381","author":"Buse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12908","article-title":"DURATION-NEO-2 study investigators. Efficacy and safety of autoinjected exenatide once-weekly suspension versus sitagliptin or placebo with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: The DURATION-NEO-2 randomized clinical study","volume":"19","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.k08e-296","article-title":"Exenatide exhibits dose-dependent effects on glycemic control over 12 weeks in Japanese patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-3007","article-title":"Glucose-lowering effects and low risk of hypoglycemia in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young when treated with a GLP-1 receptor agonist: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial","volume":"37","author":"\u00d8stoft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13132","article-title":"Relationship between glycated hemoglobin level and duration of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulfonylureas: A multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01053-X","article-title":"Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA","volume":"402","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108904","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of 8 GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13899","article-title":"Oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20211027-00751","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China (2022 edition)","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800256","article-title":"Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"379","author":"Rawshani","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021778","article-title":"Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"348","author":"Gaede","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B63","first-page":"3041","article-title":"Research progress of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Modern Diagnosis Ther"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Cardiovascular benefit of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and reticulated Meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Yanlan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"Recent research progress on the evidence and mechanism of cardiovascular benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus population","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Modern Med Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1244432\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T07:42:46Z","timestamp":1693208566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1244432\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1244432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1244432","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"article-number":"1244432"}}