{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T02:44:55Z","timestamp":1787107495283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In thyroid surgery, autofluorescence allows the parathyroid glands (PTGs) to be located very early to protect them. Moreover, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) allows for assessing the viability of the PTGs and identifying blood vessels to preserve them. The main limitation of using ICG-FA is that once ICG has been injected, it is no longer possible to observe PTG autofluorescence using existing devices. This study aimed to describe an approach that allows for visualization of the PTGs by autofluorescence, even after ICG injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We redesigned the FLUOBEAM\u00ae LX system to excite fluorescence at 685 nm and detect fluorescence between 700 and 900 nm. This device had short-pass filters at 775 nm that helped to split the contributions of the PTG autofluorescence and ICG fluorescence. Tests were performed on extemporaneous PTG preparations placed next to ICG droplets to assess for rejection of the ICG signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A low-pass filter at 775 nm detected 60% of the autofluorescence signals and 10% of the ICG signals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings support the possibility of visualizing PTG autofluorescence despite multiple ICG injections and measuring the balance between ICG and autofluorescence signals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1248449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:35:58Z","timestamp":1699007758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Feasibility of parathyroid gland autofluorescence imaging after indocyanine green fluorescence angiography"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marieke","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Rizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10843","article-title":"Mortality in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy","volume":"105","author":"Almquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.06.056","article-title":"Morbidity in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy","volume":"167","author":"Bergenfelz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"067012","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3583571","article-title":"Near-infrared autofluorescence for the detection of parathyroid glands","volume":"16","author":"Paras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J BioMed Opt"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.06.022","article-title":"Impact of autofluorescence-based identification of parathyroids during total thyroidectomy on postoperative hypocalcemia: a before and after controlled study","volume":"163","author":"Benmiloud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6364-2","article-title":"Detection of parathyroid autofluorescence using near-infrared imaging: a multicenter analysis of concordance between different surgeons","volume":"25","author":"Kahramangil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"1166","article-title":"Intraoperative parathyroid gland identification using autofluorescence: pearls and pitfalls","volume":"2","author":"Hartl","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Surg Surg Res"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Variations in the parathyroid glands. Number, situation and arterial vascularization. Anatomical study and surgical application","volume":"119","author":"Delattre","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Chir (Paris)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06353-4","article-title":"Intraoperative mapping angiograms of the parathyroid glands using indocyanine green during thyroid surgery: results of the fluogreen study","volume":"46","author":"Benmiloud","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.09.014","article-title":"Current state of intraoperative use of near infrared fluorescence for parathyroid identification and preservation","volume":"169","author":"Sol\u00f3rzano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-021-02783-4","article-title":"Spectroscopic analysis of parathyroid and thyroid tissues by ground-state diffuse reflectance and laser induced luminescence: a preliminary report","volume":"31","author":"Serra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fluoresc"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"European standards: IEC 60825-12014"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Mahadevan-JansenA\n            WhiteL\n            PhayJ\n            ParasCA\n            BartzEK\n            KellerMD\n          2012"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Mahadevan-JansenA\n            WhiteL\n            PhayJ\n            ParasCA\n            BartzEK\n            KellerMD\n          2019"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-017-1641-2","article-title":"Use of methylene blue and near-infrared fluorescence in thyroid and parathyroid surgery","volume":"403","author":"Hillary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10783","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative parathyroid gland angiography with indocyanine green fluorescence predicting parathyroid function after thyroid surgery","volume":"105","author":"Vidal Fortuny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1248449\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:36:01Z","timestamp":1699007761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1248449\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2023.1248449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1248449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"article-number":"1248449"}}