{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T02:18:10Z","timestamp":1772590690883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine causal associations between inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases (disorders of sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body [DSCIC] and disorders of choroid and retina [DCR]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genome-wide association studies\u2019 summary data of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a large-scale meta-analysis were used to identify genetically predicted RA. UK Biobank source data predicted ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Furthermore, data from the FinnGen Biobank were used to identify genetically predicted eye diseases. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases in the European population. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method, while MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO outlier test were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetically determined RA was indeed observed to have a causal effect on DSCIC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.084, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 2.353 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup>) and DCR (OR = 1.151, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.584 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221219<\/jats:sup>). AS was causally associated with DSCIC (OR = 1.068, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 2.024 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>). In addition, PsA was also found to have a causal association with an increased risk of 17.9% for the development of DSCIC (OR = 1.179, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). On the flip side, DSCIC increased the risk of JIA (OR = 2.276, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provided genetic evidence for the causal associations of RA, AS, and PsA with an increased risk of DSCIC, and a causal association between RA and DCR was also identified. In addition, DSCIC greatly increased the risk of JIA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1251167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1696851944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases: a Mendelian randomization 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