{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:53:19Z","timestamp":1780447999355,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to explore the association between red blood cell distribution width\u2013to\u2013albumin ratio (RAR) and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study extracted the data of 1,125 participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. A weighted univariable logistic regression model was used to explore variables associated with PAD. With PAD as the outcome variable, a weighted logistic regression model was established. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were effect size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for covariates, the risk of PAD in patients with diabetes was observed in those with higher RAR (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.06\u20133.15). In addition, RAR \u22653.25 was related to increased risk of PAD in patients with diabetes (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.05\u20133.95). In people with diabetes aged \u226565, RAR was a risk factor for PAD with an OR value of 2.67 (95% CI: 1.30\u20135.46). RAR\u00a0\u22653.25 was associated with increased risk of PAD (OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.15\u20138.11) relative to RAR &amp;lt;2.80. In people with diabetes who smoked, the risk of PAD was elevated in those with RAR \u22653.25 (OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.28\u20136.32). As for patients with cardiovascular disease, the risk of PAD was elevated as the increase of RAR (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.05\u20135.10). RAR \u22653.25 was correlated with increased risk of PAD (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.42\u20139.87). The area under the curve of RAR for the risk of PAD in patients with diabetes was 0.631 (95% CI: 0.588\u20130.675).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher RAR was related to increased risk of PAD in patients with diabetes. The findings might offer a reference for the management of PAD in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1272573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T04:58:29Z","timestamp":1707454709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association between red cell distribution width\u2013and\u2013albumin ratio and the risk of peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dongling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanhua","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqian","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengchen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190405165151","article-title":"Macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Viigimaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2019.08.006","article-title":"Editor\u2019s choice - comorbidity patterns among patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease in Germany: A trend analysis of health insurance claims data","volume":"59","author":"Kreutzburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc endovascular Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169801","article-title":"Approaches to peripheral artery disease in diabetes: are there any differences","volume":"19","author":"Achim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000925","article-title":"The interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease","volume":"50","author":"Stoberock","year":"2021","journal-title":"VASA Z fur Gefasskrankheiten"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12474","article-title":"Pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease in diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.66.2.160","article-title":"Differential value of eosinophil count in acute coronary syndrome among elderly patients","volume":"66","author":"Sincer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2019.1643310","article-title":"Differential value of eosinophil count in acute coronary syndrome among elderly patients","volume":"23","author":"Sincer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging male"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijgm.S332848","article-title":"The association between red blood cell distribution width andthe severity of diabetic chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.S377650","article-title":"Influence of red blood cell distribution width on all-cause death in critical diabetic patients with acute kidney injury","volume":"15","author":"Mo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab syndrome obesity: Targets Ther"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11735","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11735","article-title":"Serum albumin and albuminuria predict the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.12.027","article-title":"The red blood cell distribution width-albumin ratio: A promising predictor of mortality in heart failure patients - a cohort study","volume":"527","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinica chimica acta; 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