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Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared peripheral blood (PBL) chemokine ligand\/receptor profiles in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) or obesity (OB) (both involving inflammation and vascular complications) to identify their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PBL samples from children and adolescents (12\u201318 years) included: healthy controls (n=29), patients with T1D (n=31) and OB subjects (n=34). Frequency of mononuclear cell populations and chemokine receptor expression (CCR2, CCR4, CXCR3, CXCR4) were determined by flow cytometry. Chemokine levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were measured by bead-based assay and CXCL12 by ELISA. Data were correlated with cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes was higher in T1D, whereas the proportion of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B lymphocytes was higher and CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes was lower in OB. The level of CCL2 was higher in T1D (241.0 (IQR 189.6\u2013295.3) pg\/mL in T1D vs 191.5 (IQR 158.0\u2013254.7) pg\/mL in control, p=0.033), CXCL11 was lower in OB (6.6 (IQR 4.9\u20137.7) pg\/mL in OB vs 8.2 (IQR 6.9\u201311.3) pg\/mL in control, p=0.018) and CXCL12 was lower in both diseases (2.0 (IQR 1.8\u20132.5) ng\/mL in T1D, 2.1 (IQR 1.9\u20132.4) ng\/mL in OB vs 2.4 (IQR 2.2\u20132.5) ng\/mL in control, p=0.016). Numerous significant associations were found for chemokine ligand\/receptor profiles and clinical data. Among these, we are suggesting the most important indicators of cardiometabolic risk in T1D: positive associations of CCR2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes with blood pressure and CCL12 levels with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), inverse association of CXCR3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B lymphocytes with AST but positive with triglycerides; and OB: positive associations of CXCL12 levels with triglycerides and AST\/ALT, inverse association of CCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CXCR3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes with ACR. Both diseases share positive associations for CCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and blood pressure, inverse associations of CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subsets with ACR and CXCR3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes with lipid profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly changed chemokine ligand\/receptor profiles were found in both T1D and OB even at a young age. Although different associations with cardiometabolic risk factors indicate disease-specific changes, overlapping pattern was found for the associations between CCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and vascular inflammation, CXCR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subsets and albuminuria as well as CXCR3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and dyslipidemia. Thus, chemokine axes might present potential therapeutic targets for disease-related morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1335371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T04:53:11Z","timestamp":1721710391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct association patterns of chemokine profile and cardiometabolic status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"\u0160pehar 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