{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:41:57Z","timestamp":1793968917146,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disease with multiple etiologies and manifestations. Heart failure (HF) is a common, costly, and deadly medical condition in clinical practice. Numerous studies have suggested that abnormal thyroid function can induce or aggravate the development of heart disease. However, no study has demonstrated a causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and heart failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the causal link between hyperthyroidism and HF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Summary data for genetically predicted hyperthyroidism were obtained from a genetic association study. The data examined for genetically determined all-cause heart failure came from 218,208 individuals from the FinnGen Consortium. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to estimate the causal link between hyperthyroidism and heart failure. Statistical analyses were conducted using the inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, simple median, weighted mode, MR-PRESSO (number of distribution = 5000), MR-Egger, and leave-one-out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the inverse-variance weighted analysis indicated a causal association between hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of all-cause heart failure (IVW: \u03b2=0.048, OR=1.049, 95%CI: [1.013 to 1.087], P=0.007). Similarly, the weighted median approach demonstrated a positive correlation between hyperthyroidism and all-cause heart failure (OR=1.049, [95% CI, 1.001-1.100]; P=0.044). Additionally, no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed. The leave-one-out analysis revealed that the majority of the SNP-driven associations were not influenced by a single genetic marker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study observed a causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and all-cause heart failure. Hyperthyroidism may associate with heart failure genetically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1344282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T04:13:00Z","timestamp":1712895180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The genetic association between hyperthyroidism and heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gujie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2409","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Garmendia Madariaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.2.489","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111937","article-title":"Iodine deficiency and excess coexist in China and induce thyroid dysfunction and disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12816","article-title":"Clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism in a large representative sample of outpatients in France: relationships with age, aetiology and hormonal parameters","volume":"84","author":"Goichot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.100628","article-title":"Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of congestive heart failure as the initial presentation in patients with primary hyperthyroidism","volume":"93","author":"Siu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4184","article-title":"Subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a large population study","volume":"99","author":"Selmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649502","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/649502","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: clinical challenges","volume":"2014","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thyroid Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.12.024","article-title":"Mutations in potassium channel Kir2.6 cause susceptibility to thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis","volume":"140","author":"Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(01)00497-1","article-title":"The epidemiological features of heart failure in developing countries: a review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Mendez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: A report from the american heart association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.019","article-title":"Hospitalizations after heart failure diagnosis a community perspective","volume":"54","author":"Dunlay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.257.7.937","article-title":"Trends in serum cholesterol levels among US adults aged 20 to 74 years. 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