{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:18:54Z","timestamp":1786972734954,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproduction ability requires a certain amount of body fat that is necessary for ovulation, menstruation and pregnancy. Fat tissue represents an endocrine organ with high metabolic activity as it produces adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. Our aim is to examine potential associations between women of reproductive age\u2019s ovarian reserves and their levels of leptin and adiponectin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>74 women between 19 and 40 years of age consented to take part. Based on the patterns of their ovarian reserves, the women were divided into three main groups: women with adequate ovarian reserves (AOR - Group A, n=30), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS - Group B, n=31) and women with depleted ovarian reserves (DOR - Group C, n=13). Among these groups, several biochemical and demographic parameters were statistically compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the other two groups, women with DOR had statistically higher age and follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) levels. For estradiol (E2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), no statistically significant difference was seen between the groups. In addition, women with PCOS had higher body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) than the other two groups. In line with expectations, women with DOR also had lower levels of AMH and AFC than the other two groups. Women with PCOS had higher leptin levels than the other two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference. Women with PCOS had lower levels of adiponectin than the other groups, however the difference was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The way we classified women in our study according to their ovarian reserves is completely consistent with what has been published internationally. The ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age is not strongly correlated with leptin and adiponectin levels. For safe conclusions, more research including a greater number of samples is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1369248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:35:56Z","timestamp":1715920556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The association between leptin, adiponectin levels and the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Nikolettos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Vlahos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Pagonopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Nikolettos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Zikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsikouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Kontomanolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Damaskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Garmpis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iason","family":"Psilopatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Asimakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4155.949","article-title":"Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset","volume":"185","author":"Frisch","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118770547","article-title":"Adiponectin and chemerin: contrary adipokines in regulating reproduction and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2023.100265","article-title":"Leptin plays a role in the multiplication of and inflammation in ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome through the JAK1\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"78","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.22.05139-9","article-title":"Role of leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome pathogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Nikolettos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20231916","article-title":"Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function","volume":"44","author":"Athar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340503","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans","volume":"334","author":"Considine","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17490","article-title":"The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.5.4952","article-title":"Leptin expression in human mammary epithelial cells and breast milk","volume":"83","author":"Smith-Kirwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.1.3840","article-title":"Hypoleptinemia in women athletes: absence of a diurnal rhythm with amenorrhea","volume":"82","author":"Laughlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382250a0","article-title":"Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting","volume":"382","author":"Ahima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1454","article-title":"Molecular and anatomical determinants of central leptin resistance","volume":"8","author":"M\u00fcnzberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.06.027","article-title":"Leptin secretory burst mass correlates with body mass index and insulin in normal women but not in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Iuorno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.6.913","article-title":"Leptin secretion from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in women","volume":"47","author":"Van Harmelen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803719","article-title":"The \u2018beneficial\u2019 adipokines in reproduction and fertility","volume":"32","author":"Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.05.010","article-title":"The role of adiponectin in reproduction: from polycystic ovary syndrome to assisted reproduction","volume":"94","author":"Michalakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021721","article-title":"Diurnal and ultradian dynamics of serum adiponectin in healthy men: comparison with leptin, circulating soluble leptin receptor, and cortisol patterns","volume":"88","author":"Gavrila","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01978","article-title":"The metabolism of isoforms of human adiponectin: studies in human subjects and in experimental animals","volume":"153","author":"Peake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0679","article-title":"Adiponectin induces periovulatory changes in ovarian follicular cells","volume":"147","author":"Ledoux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.11.019","article-title":"Role of adiponectin as a modulator of testicular function during aging in mice","volume":"1865","author":"Choubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2019.10.014","article-title":"Protective role of adiponectin against testicular impairment in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"168","author":"Choubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000459864.68372.ec","article-title":"Committee opinion no. 618: Ovarian reserve testing","volume":"125","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0033","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived factors: impact on health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Trujillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00315.2011","article-title":"Leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"301","author":"Mantzoros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1012999130035","article-title":"Leptin, reproduction and sex steroids","volume":"4","author":"Casabiell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051578","article-title":"Intracellular signalling pathways activated by leptin","volume":"393","author":"Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.6.7509","article-title":"The in vivo and in vitro effects of exogenous leptin on ovulation in the rat","volume":"141","author":"Duggal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.04.046","article-title":"Multi-system reproductive metabolic disorder: significance for the pathogenesis and therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"228","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.11.8923878","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Brzechffa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02078","article-title":"Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"154","author":"Hahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0787","article-title":"Postnatal development of kisspeptin neurons in mouse hypothalamus; sexual dimorphism and projections to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons","volume":"147","author":"Clarkson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.085","article-title":"Subcutaneous and omental fat expression of adiponectin and leptin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Carmina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.046","article-title":"Circulating and cellular adiponectin in polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to glucose tolerance and insulin action","volume":"89","author":"Aroda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del146","article-title":"Adiponectin and resistin in PCOS: a clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic study","volume":"21","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02207","article-title":"Evaluation of metabolic risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"155","author":"Glintborg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adiponectin ghrelin leptin body composition hirsute PCOS patients controls. Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.077","article-title":"Plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Ardawi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1369248\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:35:59Z","timestamp":1715920559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1369248\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2024.1369248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1369248","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"article-number":"1369248"}}