{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:08:02Z","timestamp":1781042882298,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a medical condition characterized by sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, which leads to a significant and often irreversible loss of vision. Observational studies have indicated that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for CRAO; however, there is no research on the causal relationship between diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, and CRAO. This study aimed to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and CRAO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes were selected from two different datasets. A recent genome-wide association study of CRAO conducted using the FinnGen database was used as the outcome data. A two-sample MR was performed to evaluate the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and CRAO. Inverse variance weighting was the primary method, and MR-Egger, maximum likelihood, and median weighting were used as complementary methods. A multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to further evaluate the robustness of the results. Cochran\u2019s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO global test were used for the sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetically predicted type 2 diabetes was causally associated with CRAO(odds ratio [OR] =2.108, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.221\u20133.638, P=7.423\u00d710<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup>), which was consistent with the results from the validation dataset (OR=1.398, 95%CI: 1.015\u20131.925, P=0.040). The MVMR analysis suggested that type 2 diabetes may be an independent risk factor for CRAO (adjusted OR=1.696; 95%CI=1.150\u20132.500; P=7.655\u00d710<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup>), which was assumed by the validation dataset (adjusted OR=1.356; 95%CI=1.015\u20131.812; P=0.039).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that genetically predicted type 2 diabetes may be causally associated with CRAO in European populations. This suggests that preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of CRAO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1379549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T05:00:36Z","timestamp":1723093236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causal association of type 2 diabetes with central retinal artery occlusion: a Mendelian randomization 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