{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:48:12Z","timestamp":1778798892583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. MR-Egger intercept, Cochran\u2019s Q, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and robustness, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forward analysis revealed no significant association between AIT and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (odds ratio [OR] 1.008, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.986 to 1.03, <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.460) or Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) (OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.935 to 1.010, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.143). Reverse analysis showed that UC (OR 0.961, 95% CI 0.783 to 1.180, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.707) was not associated with AIT risk, while CD (OR 2.371, 95% CI 1.526 to 3.683, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) was linked to an increased risk of AIT. Intercept analysis and Cochran\u2019s Q test indicated no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the MR results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This MR analysis suggests that CD, but not UC, is a risk factor for AIT, whereas AIT is not associated with the risk of IBD. Proactive prevention and treatment of CD can help mitigate the risk of AIT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1387482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T04:40:10Z","timestamp":1729744810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unequal causality between autoimmune thyroiditis and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization 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