{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1791855927493,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While numerous studies have investigated risk factors for these ulcers in general, few have focused specifically on patients with Neurovascular Complications of Diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for DFU in this specific population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from the National Institutes of Health (NIS) database for the years 2017-2019, involving a cohort of 161,834 patients aged over 18 who were diagnosed with neurovascular complications of diabetes. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity), hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and other relevant data were included for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was generated to identify independent risk factors for DFU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of DFU among patients with neurovascular complications of diabetes was 29.4% during the period from 2017 to 2019. Compared to patients without DFU, those with DFU had longer hospitalization times and higher costs. The multiple regression analysis revealed that Iron-deficiency anemia (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.019), Hypertension (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001), Obesity (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.11; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), Peripheral vascular disorders (PVD) (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65-1.74; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), Osteomyelitis (OR, 7.10; 95% CI, 6.89-7.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), Tinea pedis (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.59-2.26; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), Sepsis (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.20-1.28; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), and onychomycosis (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001) were independent predictors for DFU in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found a high prevalence of DFU in patients with neurovascular complications of diabetes. Identifying and addressing risk factors such as deficiency anemia, hypertension, obesity, PVD, infections, and foot conditions may contribute to reducing the prevalence of DFU in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1399924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T04:26:15Z","timestamp":1728620775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multifactorial analysis of risk factors for foot ulcers in patients with neurovascular complications of diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zibo","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2020.0100","article-title":"Study on risk factors of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and establishment of prediction model","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092807","article-title":"Early biomarkers of neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders in diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Gasecka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x14666160225154536","article-title":"Retinal neurodegeneration in the course of diabetes-pathogenesis and clinical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Araszkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113134","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer: Etiology, biochemical and molecular based treatment strategies via gene and nanotherapy","volume":"151","author":"Mariadoss","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000235","article-title":"Peripheral sensory neuropathy is associated with altered postocclusive reactive hyperemia in the diabetic foot","volume":"4","author":"Barwick","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00308IF:5.2Q1","article-title":"A synoptic overview of neurovascular interactions in the foot","volume":"11","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B7","author":"Edmonds","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0541-x","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction in the context of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"Stirban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-012-0004-9IF:3.8Q2","article-title":"Management of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"3","author":"Alexiadou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"The foot at risk in Nigerians with diabetes mellitus-the Nigerian scenario","volume":"4","author":"Ogbera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Influence of physical, psychological, and social factors","volume":"19","author":"Edgar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.3.409","article-title":"Epidemiology of trauma: frequency and impactof different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups","volume":"60","author":"Norris","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Consult. 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