{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:06:13Z","timestamp":1785539173947,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to quantitatively analyze wall shear stress (WSS) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and elucidate the relationship between WSS and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using ultrasound vector flow (V-Flow) imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 109 T2DM patients were selected as the DM group, while 49 healthy volunteers served as the control group. V-Flow examination of the bilateral CCA was conducted. The maximum wall shear stress (WSS<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and mean wall shear stress (WSS<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>) at the bifurcation, proximal bifurcation and middle segment of the bilateral CCA were obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DM group showed decreased WSS<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> in the middle region and proximal bifurcation of the CCA compared with the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The WSS<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> was further decreased in T2DM patients with CVD compared to those without CVD (middle region: 0.71 \u00b1 0.17 Pa <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 0.84 \u00b1 0.24 Pa, p &amp;lt; 0.05; proximal bifurcation: 0.62 \u00b1 0.22 Pa <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 0.80 \u00b1 0.21 Pa, p &amp;lt; 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a model combining with age, body mass index and WSS<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> at the proximal carotid bifurcation had diagnostic value for detecting CVD in T2DM patients (area under the curve: 0.862, p &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>WSS<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> has potential value for evaluation of atherosclerosis, as well as in detecting the occurrence of CVD in T2DM patients. Ultrasound V-Flow imaging may be an effective tool for non-invasive evaluation of WSS in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1409082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T04:32:36Z","timestamp":1732163556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Study on the characteristics of carotid wall shear stress in type 2 diabetes patients based on ultrasound vector flow 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