{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:36:01Z","timestamp":1792870561930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A beneficial effect on endometrial thickness (EMT) and improvement of pregnancy outcome after intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested. This study assessed the effect of intrauterine PRP infusion on live birth rate and obstetrical outcomes and analyzed cytokines that can potentially improve pregnancy outcomes through PRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was a prospective cohort study conducted in a university hospital fertility center. The study included ninety-one patients who had a history of two or more failed\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF) attempts and refractory thin endometrium that remained unresponsive after at least two conventional treatments for thin endometrium. Patients were treated with an intrauterine infusion of autologous PRP between days 7 and 14 of their hormone replacement therapy-frozen embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycle. PRP was administered at 3-day intervals until their EMT reached 7mm. After a maximum of three PRP administrations, embryo transfer (ET) was performed. The primary outcome was the live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included the implantation rate and increase in EMT compared to the previous cycle. We compared the cytokines related to angiogenesis in a patient\u2019s whole blood (WB) and PRP by utilizing a commercial screening kit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The live birth rate in the PRP treatment cycle was 20.9% (19 of 91 patients), significantly superior to the previous cycle without PRP infusion (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The implantation rate was also significantly higher during the PRP treatment cycle (16.4%) compared to the previous cycle (3.1%) (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The mean EMT post-PRP treatment was 6.1 mm, showing a significant increase of 0.8 mm (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Nonetheless, an increase in EMT was also observed in the non-pregnancy group. No adverse effects were reported by patients treated with autologous PRP. Cytokine array analysis confirmed marked increases in well-known pro-angiogenic factors such as Ang-1, EGF, LAP (TGF-b1), MMP-8, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-AB\/PDGF-BB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrauterine PRP infusion offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with refractory thin endometrium and implantation failures. The angiogenic cytokines present in PRP are the primary drivers of this improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1431453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:25:51Z","timestamp":1725323151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Angiogenic factor-driven improvement of refractory thin endometrium with autologous platelet-rich plasma intrauterine infusion in frozen embryo transfer cycles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"So Yeon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanum","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwang","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Ryeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18848","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018848","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of thin endometrium: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu011","article-title":"Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after ivf: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kasius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.02.013","article-title":"Management of thin endometrium in assisted reproduction: A clinical practice guideline from the canadian fertility and andrology society","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v9.i10.172","article-title":"Topical application of platelet-rich plasma for diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Hirase","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.03.008","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma (Prp) improves erectile function: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Poulios","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9516-x","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma and cartilage repair","volume":"11","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1721463","article-title":"A review of the treatment of male pattern hair loss","volume":"21","author":"York","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01999-6","article-title":"A systematic review of the safety and effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (Prp)\u00a0for\u00a0skin aging","volume":"312","author":"Maisel-Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Autologous platelet-rich plasma promotes endometrial growth and improves pregnancy outcome during in vitro fertilization","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v17i6.4816","article-title":"Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on endometrial expansion in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A double-blind rct","volume":"17","author":"Nazari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Reprod BioMed"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2018.10.007","article-title":"Can autologous platelet rich plasma expand endometrial thickness and improve pregnancy rate during frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle? 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