{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:58:47Z","timestamp":1775141927595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFF0501403, 2021YFF0501404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0501403, 2021YFF0501404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure that severely affects women during the late stages of pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Currently, the diagnosis of PPCM is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays an important role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases, especially in patients with heart failure. Moreover, animal experiments have confirmed a possible association between abnormal lipid metabolism and PPCM onset. However, clinical evidence is currently lacking, and reliable and effective indicators for predicting the onset of PPCM are insufficient. The ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) is a novel metabolic marker that is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. However, the relationship between the TG\/HDL-C ratio and the risk of PPCM in parturients remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of the TG\/HDL-C ratio in predicting the risk of PPCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 600 parturients hospitalized at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 2010 and August 2023 (150 patients with PPCM and 450 healthy parturients). The TG\/HDL-C ratio was calculated as triglyceride levels (mmol\/L)\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mmol\/L). The relationship between the TG\/HDL-C ratio and PPCM was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were observed in the TG\/HDL-C ratio between patients with PPCM and healthy parturients. The TG\/HDL-C ratio was higher in patients with PPCM than in healthy parturients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the TG\/HDL-C ratio increased the risk of PPCM and had predictive accuracy for the onset of PPCM (odds ratio, 1.249; 95% confidence interval, 1.004\u20131.553; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.046). Moreover, the TG\/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with the NT-proBNP levels at the onset of PPCM (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.081, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher TG\/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with the risk of PPCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1447791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:19:55Z","timestamp":1731989995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with an increased risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Naiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziru","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1493","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"21","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Failure"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12562","article-title":"Incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria: results from the PEACE Registry","volume":"7","author":"Karaye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Esc Heart Failure"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-1214","article-title":"Different characteristics of peripartum cardiomyopathy between patients complicated with and without hypertensive disorders - results from the Japanese nationwide survey of peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"75","author":"Kamiya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2021.100149","article-title":"Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"5","author":"Bays","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00664-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"Hoes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad100","article-title":"Cardiac lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and heart failure","volume":"119","author":"Da Dalt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-015-0053-y","article-title":"Sphingolipids in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders","volume":"14","author":"Borodzicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87776-w","article-title":"Performance of a cardiac lipid panel compared to four prognostic scores in chronic heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Mcgranaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317883","article-title":"Lipid profiles and heart failure risk: results from two prospective studies","volume":"128","author":"Wittenbecher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmad092","article-title":"An observational association study between maternal homocysteine and pregnancy complications or perinatal outcomes with established trimester-specific reference intervals in pregnant women","volume":"55","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05198-1","article-title":"Metabolomic and genetic associations with insulin resistance in pregnancy","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.828581","article-title":"Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio, a simple but effective indicator in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.877794","article-title":"Prognostic value of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG\/HDL-C) in igA nephropathy patients","volume":"13","author":"Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12758","article-title":"The role of plasma triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to predict new cardiovascular events in essential hypertensive patients","volume":"18","author":"Turak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14796678.5.2.175","article-title":"Reviewing peripartum cardiomyopathy: current state of knowledge","volume":"5","author":"Selle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.05.031","article-title":"Serum proteomic analysis of peripartum cardiomyopathy reveals distinctive dysregulation of inflammatory and cholesterol metabolism pathways","volume":"11","author":"Lovell","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.119.044962","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes of peripartum patients with cardiomyopathy reveal aberrant regulation of lipid metabolism","volume":"142","author":"Hoes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1494","article-title":"Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01808-z","article-title":"Prognostic value of NT-proBNP for myocardial recovery in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)","volume":"110","author":"Hoevelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12392","article-title":"When a peripartum cardiomyopathy patient hides various and serious risk factors for recurrent and fatal thromboembolic events even under well-conducted oral anticoagulation","volume":"12","author":"Toutai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207698","article-title":"Homocysteine and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Systems","volume":"21","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1447791\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:19:57Z","timestamp":1731989997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1447791\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2024.1447791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1447791","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"article-number":"1447791"}}