{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:25:17Z","timestamp":1787495117560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent clinical studies suggest protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney disease outcome. Chronic hypoxia has a critical role in kidney disease development, thus we speculated that canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, can improve kidney oxygenation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-arm study was conducted to investigate the effects of canagliflozin on T2* value, which reflects oxygenation level, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using repeated blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI (BOLD MRI) examinations. Changes in cortical T2* from before (Day 0) to after single-dose treatment (Day 1) and after five consecutive treatments (Day 5) were evaluated using 12-layer concentric objects (TLCO) and region of interest (ROI) methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the full analysis set (n=14 patients), the TLCO method showed no change of T2* with canagliflozin treatment, whereas the ROI method found that cortical T2* was significantly increased on Day 1 but not on Day 5. Sensitivity analysis using TLCO in 13 well-measured patients showed that canagliflozin significantly increased T2* on Day 1 with no change on Day 5, whereas a significant improvement in cortical T2* following canagliflozin treatment was found on both Day 1 and 5 using ROI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term canagliflozin treatment may improve cortical oxygenation and lead to better kidney outcomes in patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1451671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T07:48:48Z","timestamp":1725004128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of canagliflozin on kidney oxygenation evaluated using blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Katsuhito","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Machiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Uedono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Nakatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satsuki","family":"Taniuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eito","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Shimono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Emoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515920","article-title":"Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Wanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0542","article-title":"Can a shift in fuel energetics explain the beneficial cardiorenal outcomes in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study? 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