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While the precise pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear, it is now recognized that genetic, endocrine, and metabolic dysregulations all contribute significantly to its onset. The immunopathogenesis of PCOS has not been extensively explored, but there is growing speculation that immune system abnormalities may play a pivotal role. This chronic inflammatory state is exacerbated by factors such as obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the interplay between IR in PCOS patients, the controlled immune response orchestrated by immune cells and immunomodulatory molecules, and their interactions with adipocytes, hyperandrogenemia, chronic inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1464561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T17:06:09Z","timestamp":1737565569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengxiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.7.2434","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain","volume":"85","author":"Asuncion","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-76","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of metabolic abnormalities in Chinese women with PCOS: a cross- sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.07.025","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Teede","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0021","article-title":"Limitations of insulin resistance assessment in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2019.82672","article-title":"How much insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? 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