{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:47:41Z","timestamp":1781866061974,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypoglycemia represents a serious acute complication in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In order to more effectively identify and discriminate the occurrence of hypoglycemic events in patients with T1DM, this study aims to evaluate the impact of two distinct glucose monitoring systems\u2014Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)\u2014on the management of blood glucose levels and the emotional responses associated with hypoglycemic episodes in individuals with T1DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a total of 113 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and allocated to two groups for the implementation of Glucose Monitoring Systems (GMS). The groups consisted of the FreeStyle Libre group (FGM, n=56) and the ipro2 group (CGM, n=57). Participants in both groups utilized GMS at least biannually and completed a set of three questionnaires: the Diabetes Monitoring and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DMTSQ), the Diabetes Specific Quality of Life (DQOL), and the Chinese Version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II (CFHSII). Clinical data, CGM metrics, and questionnaire scores were collected at the initial visit and after a one-year follow-up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glucose coefficient of variation (GCV) and the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) were independently associated with Time Below Range (TBR). Specifically, GCV could predict TBR \u226512%, with a cut-off point of 40.55. This yielded a specificity of 88.10% and a sensitivity of 68.18% in the overall patient population. For the FreeStyle Libre group and the iPro2 group, the cut-off points were 38.69 and 40.55, respectively, with specificities of 0.74 and 0.92, and sensitivities of 0.73 and 0.86, respectively. In the FreeStyle Libre group, where the frequency of use was greater than or equal to five times per year, the hypoglycemic episodes (time\/month) and CHFSII-B scores were significantly reduced at follow-up compared to baseline (7.80 \u00b1 10.25 vs 13.95 \u00b1 14.87; 27.37 \u00b1 11.05 vs 38.90 \u00b1 21.61, respectively, all P &amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The utilization of multiple Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) implementations proved to be valuable in discriminating the occurrence of hypoglycemia and mitigating the fear of hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Within the parameters of Glucose Monitoring Systems (GMS), the glucose glycemic variability (GCV) was identified as a predictive factor for the risk of severe hypoglycemia (TBR &amp;gt; 12%). The optimal cut-off point for GCV was determined to be 40.55.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1464755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T04:30:24Z","timestamp":1731385824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Flash glucose monitoring system help reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic fear behavior in type 1 diabetes 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