{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T18:34:34Z","timestamp":1785090874480,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid diseases are increasingly prevalent, posing significant challenges to patients\u2019 quality of life and placing substantial financial burdens on families and society. Despite these impacts, the underlying pathophysiology of many thyroid conditions remains poorly understood, complicating efforts in treatment, management, and prevention. Observational studies can identify associations between exposure variables and disease; however, they often struggle to account for confounding factors and reverse causation. Understanding disease occurrence, epidemiological trends, and clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment relies heavily on robust etiological research. Mendelian randomization, a method grounded in genetics and epidemiology, has been widely employed in studying the etiology of thyroid diseases, offering a solution to some of these challenges. This paper categorizes thyroid diseases into thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer, reviewing related Mendelian randomization studies. It further provides novel perspectives and approaches for investigating the mechanisms underlying thyroid diseases and designing intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1472009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T04:21:14Z","timestamp":1734582074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application of Mendelian randomization in thyroid diseases: a review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonghang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","article-title":"Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data","volume":"27","author":"Sekula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7499.1076","article-title":"What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures","volume":"330","author":"Davey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"The thyroid axis and mood disorders: overview and future prospects","volume":"33","author":"Esposito","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353777","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and depression","volume":"2","author":"Dayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.951","article-title":"The thyroid axis and depression","volume":"8","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-024-00246-3","article-title":"The role of thyroid function in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: a mendelian randomisation study","volume":"11","author":"Babajide","year":"2024","journal-title":"Borderline Pers Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0884","article-title":"Thyroid function and mood disorders: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"31","author":"Kus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01034-z","article-title":"Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample mendelian randomization study","volume":"38","author":"Freuer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1370019","article-title":"Shared genetic links between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders: evidence from a comprehensive genetic analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.05.097","article-title":"The causal relationship between major depression disorder and thyroid diseases: a mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis","volume":"359","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2996","article-title":"Association between benign thyroid and endocrine disorders and subsequent risk of thyroid cancer among 4.5 million u.s. 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