{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T21:28:47Z","timestamp":1772141327204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore the impact of perfluorinated endocrine disruptors on CPP through metabolomics analysis in girls from Hainan Province, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum samples from 100 girls with CPP and 100 healthy controls were collected. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS). Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were screened, and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed distinct metabolic profiles between the CPP and control groups. A total of 511 metabolites were identified, including 296 up-regulated DEMs and 255 down-regulated DEMs. Three perfluorinated compounds\u2014PFSM-perfluoroalkyl_sulfonamide_Me, PFSM-FSAA, and PFCA-unsaturated\u2014were significantly upregulated in the CPP group. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of multiple pathways in the CPP process regulated by these compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perfluorinated compounds may promote CPP in girls by interfering with various pathways and affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function. This study highlighted the need for further research and public health measures to address environmental endocrine disruptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1491411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T05:10:41Z","timestamp":1735017041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Perfluorinated compounds linked to central precocious puberty in girls during COVID-19: an untargeted metabolomics 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