{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:33:15Z","timestamp":1788294795437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining human height. Short stature commonly affects multiple family members and therefore, familial short stature (FSS) represents a significant proportion of growth disorders. Traditionally, FSS was considered a benign polygenic condition representing a subcategory of idiopathic short stature (ISS). However, advancements in genetic research have revealed that FSS can also be monogenic, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and can result from different mechanisms including primary growth plate disorders, growth hormone deficiency\/insensitivity or by the disruption of fundamental intracellular pathways. These discoveries have highlighted a broader phenotypic spectrum for monogenic forms of short stature, which may exhibit mild manifestations indistinguishable from ISS. Given the overlapping features and the difficulty in differentiating polygenic from monogenic FSS without genetic testing, some researchers redefine FSS as a descriptive term that encompasses any familial occurrence of short stature, regardless of the underlying cause. This shift emphasizes the complexity of diagnosing and managing short stature within families, reflecting the diverse genetic landscape that influences human growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1506323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1734582068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Monogenic causes of familial short stature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Plachy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Dusatkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenali Anne","family":"Amaratunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vit","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenek","family":"Sumnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepanka","family":"Pruhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000653","article-title":"New developments in the genetic diagnosis of short stature","volume":"30","author":"Jee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28\/8S27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(22)00040-9","article-title":"Exploring the genetic causes of isolated short stature. What has happened to idiopathic short stature","volume":"28","author":"Willems","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch P\u00e9diatrie"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21039","article-title":"Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height","volume":"542","author":"Marouli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0509","article-title":"Consensus\u00a0statement on the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic short stature: A summary of the growth hormone research society, the Lawson Wilkins pediatric endocrine society, and the European society for paediatric endocrinology workshop","volume":"93","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.7180\/kmj.2020.35.1.15","article-title":"Influences of socioeconomic status on short stature in childhood","volume":"35","author":"Suh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kosin Med J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00019","article-title":"Genetic testing for the child with short stature - has the time come to change our diagnostic paradigm","volume":"104","author":"Dauber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01018-3","article-title":"Definition and prevalence of familial short stature","volume":"47","author":"Grigoletto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3313","article-title":"Clinical characterization of patients with autosomal dominant short stature due to aggrecan mutations","volume":"102","author":"Gkourogianni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000105","article-title":"Genetic causes of isolated short stature","volume":"63","author":"Vasques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-23-0238","article-title":"Analysis of children with familial short stature: who should be indicated for genetic testing","volume":"12","author":"Plachy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02288","article-title":"High prevalence of growth plate gene variants in children with familial short stature treated with GH","volume":"104","author":"Plachy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206508","article-title":"Exploring the genetic causes for postnatal growth failure in children born non-small for gestational age","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.819074","article-title":"Evaluation of growth hormone therapy in seven Chinese children with familial short stature caused by novel ACAN variants","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"\u201cShort stature","author":"Rani","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls [Internet]"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3097","article-title":"Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height","volume":"46","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.165","article-title":"Short and tall stature: A new paradigm emerges","volume":"11","author":"Baron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Growth plate disorders causing familiar short stature","volume":"73","author":"Plach\u00fd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cesk Pediatr"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab084","article-title":"Familial Short Stature - a novel phenotype of growth plate collagenopathies","volume":"106","author":"Plachy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa037","article-title":"NPR2 variants are frequent among children with familiar short stature and respond well to growth hormone therapy","volume":"105","author":"Plachy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1506","article-title":"Genetic evaluation of short stature","volume":"99","author":"Dauber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324105","article-title":"Short stature due to SHOX deficiency: Genotype, phenotype, and therapy","volume":"75","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1036","article-title":"A track record on SHOX: from basic research to complex models and therapy","volume":"37","author":"Marchini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20187","article-title":"Alteration of DNA binding, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of SHOX homeodomain mutations identified in idiopathic short stature and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis","volume":"26","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02698.x","article-title":"SHOX mutations in idiopathic short stature and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: frequency and phenotypic variability","volume":"66","author":"Jorge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2006.046581","article-title":"Genotypes and phenotypes in children with short stature: clinical indicators of SHOX haploinsufficiency","volume":"44","author":"Rappold","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.23.65","article-title":"Skeletal deformity associated with SHOX deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Seki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2014.19.1.1","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment in non-growth hormone-deficient children","volume":"19","author":"Loche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1222","article-title":"GH treatment to final height produces similar height gains in patients with SHOX deficiency and turner syndrome: Results of a multicenter trial","volume":"98","author":"Blum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2018.07.004","article-title":"Molecular and in silico analyses validates pathogenicity of homozygous mutations in the NPR2 gene underlying variable phenotypes of Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux","volume":"102","author":"Irfanullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.704015","article-title":"Catalytically active guanylyl cyclase B requires endoplasmic reticulum-mediated glycosylation, and mutations that inhibit this process cause dwarfism","volume":"291","author":"Dickey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2142","article-title":"Heterozygous mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR2) gene as a cause of short stature in patients initially classified as idiopathic short stature","volume":"98","author":"Vasques","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3525","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of two novel NPR2 mutations in Japanese patients with short stature","volume":"99","author":"Amano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0332","article-title":"NPR2 gene variants in familial short stature: A single-center study","volume":"35","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21636","article-title":"Sixteen years and counting: The current understanding of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling in skeletal dysplasias","volume":"33","author":"Foldynova-Trantirkova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32485","article-title":"The population-based prevalence of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia in selected regions of the US","author":"Waller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-02141-4","article-title":"Growth in achondroplasia including stature, weight, weight-for-height and head circumference from CLARITY: achondroplasia natural history study\u2014a multi-center retrospective cohort study of achondroplasia in the US","volume":"16","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00595-x","article-title":"International Consensus Statement on the diagnosis, multidisciplinary management and lifelong care of individuals with achondroplasia","volume":"18","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"1993","author":"Bober","year":"","journal-title":"Hypochondroplasia. 1999 Jul 15. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201700","article-title":"Novel FGFR3 mutations creating cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the receptor cause achondroplasia or severe forms of hypochondroplasia","volume":"14","author":"Heuertz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0945","article-title":"A novel variant of FGFR3 causes proportionate short stature","volume":"172","author":"Kant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004978","article-title":"The collagen family","volume":"3","author":"Ricard-Blum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00308.x","article-title":"The role of type X collagen in facilitating and regulating endochondral ossification of articular cartilage","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.02.003","article-title":"Molecular genetics of the COL2A1-related disorders","volume":"768","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22915","article-title":"Mutation update for COL2A1 gene variants associated with type II collagenopathies","volume":"37","author":"Barat-Houari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.v143a:3","article-title":"A report on 10 new patients with heterozygous mutations in the COL11A1 gene and a review of genotype-phenotype correlations in type XI collagenopathies","author":"Majava","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324023","article-title":"A mutation in COL9A1 causes multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: further evidence for locus heterogeneity","volume":"69","author":"Czarny-Ratajczak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1212","article-title":"A mutation in the alpha 3 chain of type IX collagen causes autosomal dominant multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with mild myopathy","volume":"97","author":"Bonnemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30855","article-title":"Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and COL10A1 mutations - Findings in 10 patients","author":"M\u00e4kitie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003350010018","article-title":"Original Contributions Structure and mapping of the mouse matrilin-3 gene (Matn3), a member of a gene family containing a U12-type AT-AC intron","volume":"11","author":"Wagener","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.41.26692","article-title":"Physiological and pathological secretion of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein by cells in culture","volume":"273","author":"D\u00e9lot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20263","article-title":"Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia mutations inMATN3 cause misfolding of the A-domain and prevent secretion of mutant matrilin-3","volume":"26","author":"Cotterill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220067","article-title":"Skeletal dysplasia families: A stepwise approach to diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Handa","year":"2023","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng573","article-title":"Mutations in the region encoding the von Willebrand factor A domain of matrilin-3 are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia","volume":"28","author":"Chapman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1267946","article-title":"Case Report: Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel COMP variants causing pseudoachondroplasia","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0459-2","article-title":"The aggrecanopathies; An evolving phenotypic spectrum of human genetic skeletal diseases","volume":"11","author":"Gibson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2019.04.001","article-title":"A review of growth hormone deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Dattani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Child Health"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25303","article-title":"Loss of constitutive activity of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in familial short stature","volume":"116","author":"Pantel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1570","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of novel human growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene mutations in Japanese subjects with short stature","volume":"96","author":"Inoue","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341766","article-title":"Isolated growth hormone deficiency type 2: From gene to therapy","volume":"23","author":"Miletta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1067","article-title":"Isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence: recent advances","volume":"35","author":"Alatzoglou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.2022-0020","article-title":"Combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a patient with an FGFR1 missense variant: case report and literature review","volume":"31","author":"Sano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-4-4","article-title":"PROKR2 mutations in patients with short stature who have isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Kardelen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.55095\/CSPediatrie2023\/056","article-title":"Current view on the diagnostics of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence","volume":"78","author":"Plachy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cesslov Pediat"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2016-1119","article-title":"Novel dominant-negative GH receptor mutations expands the spectrum of GHI and IGF-I deficiency","volume":"1","author":"Vairamani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1141039","article-title":"Short stature related to Growth Hormone Insensitivity (GHI) in childhood","volume":"14","author":"Mastromauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04521-0","article-title":"Dominant-negative STAT5B mutations cause growth hormone insensitivity with short stature and mild immune dysregulation","volume":"9","author":"Klammt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355412","article-title":"Heterozygous IGFALS gene variants in idiopathic short stature and normal children: Impact on height and the IGF system","volume":"80","author":"Domen\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1789","article-title":"Clinical and functional characteristics of a novel heterozygous mutation of the IGF1R gene and IGF1R haploinsufficiency due to terminal 15q26.2-<qter deletion in patients with intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal catch-up growth failure","volume":"96","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111040","article-title":"Activation of the MAPK pathway (RASopathies) and partial growth hormone insensitivity","volume":"519","author":"Malaquias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B70","article-title":"Syndrom Noonanov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed RASopatie: Etiologie, diagnostika a terapie","volume":"75","author":"Lebl","year":"2020","journal-title":"\u010ces-slov Pediat"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530521","article-title":"The genetic landscape of children born small for gestational age with persistent short stature (SGA-SS)","volume":"97","author":"Toni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03234.x","article-title":"Analysis of the PTPN11 gene in idiopathic short stature children and Noonan syndrome patients","volume":"69","author":"Ferreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049107","article-title":"The RASopathies: from pathogenetics to therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Hebron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369012","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of growth hormone therapy in children with Noonan syndrome: A review of the evidence","volume":"83","author":"Noonan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371635","article-title":"The impact of growth hormone therapy on adult height in Noonan syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Giacomozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2022.03.005","article-title":"Clinical indications for growth hormone therapy","volume":"69","author":"Danowitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9070273","article-title":"Review on facial-recognition-based applications in disease diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Qiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200997","article-title":"Computer-based recognition of dysmorphic faces","volume":"11","author":"Loos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0429","article-title":"Diagnostic use of facial image analysis software in endocrine and genetic disorders: review, current results and future perspectives","volume":"173","author":"Kosilek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1636","article-title":"Objective differential diagnosis of Noonan and Williams\u2013Beuren syndromes in diverse populations using quantitative facial phenotyping","volume":"9","author":"Porras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1506323\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T04:21:14Z","timestamp":1734582074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1506323\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2024.1506323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1506323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"article-number":"1506323"}}