{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:28:45Z","timestamp":1767108525383,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and cryobiology advances over the past decades have offered hope to cancer patients who might not otherwise be able to have biological offspring due to the toxic nature of therapies that may lead to subfertility or infertility. Fertility preservation (FP) for youths with gender dysphoria (GD) poses an additional set of complications and obstacles because of the use of medications which block normal pubertal development such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) and medications which directly alter the genital tract such as cross sex hormones. Here we review the current state of knowledge and ethical concerns with FP focusing on issues when FP is used during adolescent and preadolescent reproductive development in the context of cancer and gender dysphoria treatment. Particularly for youths with GD, very little evidence-based research has been performed and much remains unknown with respect to long term harms to reproductive health and the ultimate success of FP and conception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1386716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T09:28:12Z","timestamp":1744363692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fertility preservation: is there a model for gender-dysphoric youth?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Laidlaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR2018-0089","article-title":"Preservation of female fertility in humans and animal species","volume":"15","author":"Picton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"The centers for disease control and prevention report on 2021 ART success rates"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.018","article-title":"In vitro maturation: A committee opinion","volume":"115","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-024-01204-w","article-title":"Fertility preservation in children and adolescents: where we are and where we are going","volume":"25","author":"Vogt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.013","article-title":"Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: A committee opinion","volume":"112","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac249","article-title":"Live birth rate after female fertility preservation for cancer or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the three main techniques; embryo, oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation","volume":"38","author":"Fraison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00102","article-title":"Fertility preservation: A key survivorship issue for young women with cancer","volume":"6","author":"Angarita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1614676","article-title":"Fertility preservation in women","volume":"377","author":"Donnez","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.918899","article-title":"A systematic review of ovarian tissue transplantation outcomes by ovarian tissue processing size for cryopreservation","volume":"13","author":"Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"ASRM removes the experimental label from Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation (OTC): Pediatric research must continue","author":"Rowell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f87c4b","article-title":"Reproductive outcomes for survivors of childhood cancer","volume":"116","author":"Hudson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1200348","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001643","article-title":"Committee opinion no 671: Perinatal risks associated with assisted reproductive technology","volume":"128","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Committee on Genetics. 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