{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:53:13Z","timestamp":1753890793967,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To propose a comprehensive scoring system for adrenal tumors \u2264 6cm and evaluate its rationality and validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study retrospectively analyzed 268 patients with primary adrenal tumors who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2018 to December 2022 and all of them met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation scores were calculated for gender (G), body mass index (BMI) (B), tumor diameter (D), the relative position of the tumor to the kidney (K), the relative position of the tumor and the blood vessels (V) and the tumor location in the adrenal gland (A). Then, the total scores were correlated with the operation results, so as to verify the feasibility of GBDKVA in evaluating the surgical risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GBDKVA score showed a consistent and statistically significant correlation with operation time (OT) and blood loss (BL), as well as a correlation with postoperative complications in patients (p &amp;lt; 0.01), but no significant correlation was found with recovery time of gastrointestinal function, bed rest days, indwelling drainage tube days and postoperative hospitalization time were opposite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GBDKVA score is reliable for preoperative risk assessment of patients with adrenal tumors \u22646cm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1418535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T05:26:49Z","timestamp":1742189209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GBDKVA score: a scoring system for preoperative risk assessment of adrenal tumors \u22646cm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Siwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianrui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zekai","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronghao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changyi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanjie","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaosan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiliang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa008","article-title":"Adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"41","author":"Sherlock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0467","article-title":"Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors","volume":"175","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0234","article-title":"Recommended evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas is costly, has high false-positive rates and confers a risk of fatal cancer that is similar to the risk of the adrenal lesion becoming Malignant; 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