{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:11:09Z","timestamp":1781179869213,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have shown that individuals with high body mass index typically require high doses of vitamin D supplementation to correct vitamin D deficiency. However, it is unclear which specific body composition is the determining factor affecting the bioavailability of vitamin D after supplementation. The aim of this study was to determine which body components affect the bioavailability of vitamin D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to ensure the compliance of the study subjects and avoid the impact of sunlight on vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> levels, the subjects received multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injections of vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> until their serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were above 30 ng\/mL. All subjects received two i.m. injections of 600,000 IU vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and dose adjustments were made every 6 weeks based on whether serum 25(OH)D levels were sufficient. The levels of serum 25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and 25(OH)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and corrected using body fat mass index (FMI). Based on the 100% difference in 25(OH)D levels before and after vitamin D supplementation, the sample size was calculated, and 20 subjects would provide over 95% of the power to show the difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After two dose adjustment, the serum 25(OH)D levels of all subjects were above 30 ng\/mL. The subjects were divided into \u2264 1,200,000 IU vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10) and \u2265 2,400,000 IU vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=15) based on the i.m. dose of vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The results showed that compared with subjects receiving \u2264 1,200,000 IU vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, subjects receiving \u2265 2,400,000 IU of vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> had a higher total body fat mass index (FMI), particularly with higher trunk fat content and high visceral adipose tissue mass. However, the dosage of vitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supplementation was not related to BMI and lean mass content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The body fat content, especially trunk fat content, is the main body component that affects the bioavailability of vitamin D in healthy adults. Healthy adults with high trunk fat content have low bioavailability of vitamin D and require relatively high dose of vitamin D to achieve sufficient levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:uri>, identifier ChiCTR2300070641.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1421663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:19:47Z","timestamp":1751530787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of body composition on vitamin D requirements in healthy adults with vitamin D 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