{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:52:39Z","timestamp":1789051959277,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While numerous epidemiological studies on body fat and diabetes already exist, there remains a scarcity of evidence regarding gender differences within hypertensive populations. The aim of this study was to examine gender-specific differences in the association of body fat percentage (BFP) with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study encompassed 14,228 hypertensive patients from the Chinese Hypertension Registry. An easily obtainable anthropometric parameter, Cl\u00ednica University de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) equation was used to calculate body fat percentage (BFP). Diabetes was defined as the self-report of a previous diagnosis of diabetes, fasting blood glucose \u2265 7.0mmol\/l, and the use of antidiabetic agents. The average BFP was 24.5% in men and 37.0% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship between BFP and the risk of diabetes in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.07, 1.11) and women (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.07) while considering BFP as a continuous variable. After taking BFP as the quartile across different genders, compared with Q1 group, the risk of diabetes in Q4 group increased 176% (OR 2.76, 95% CI 2.15, 3.55) in men and 66% (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36, 2.03) in women. Furthermore, the positive association was found to be more significant in men, whether BFP was considered a continuous variable (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.016) or a categorical variable in quartiles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.008). In addition, the positive association between BFP and diabetes remained consistent across various subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BFP is positively associated with the increased risk of diabetes in hypertensive population, especially in men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1467886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T05:19:47Z","timestamp":1741065587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of body fat percentage with diabetes in hypertensive adults of different genders: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jingan","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20220120-000063","article-title":"National guidelines for the prevention and control of diabetes in primary care (2022)","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60768-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from mechanistic studies","volume":"371","author":"Mazzone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus Mortality in the United States, 1950-67","volume-title":"Vital Health Stat","author":"Langberg","year":"1971"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Joslin\u2019s Diabetes Mellitus","author":"Balodimos","year":"1971"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080985","article-title":"Lipids and lipoproteins in health and disease: focus on targeting atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8529(03)00071-9","article-title":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Maggio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","article-title":"Why does obesity cause diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.10.1188","article-title":"Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women","volume":"292","author":"Weinstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13030","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgeries in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor, 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12551","article-title":"Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. 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