{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:52:19Z","timestamp":1753890739131,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the impact of inoculation with the inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine on the outcomes of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2021 to December 2022, patients undergoing their first cycle of IVF-ET at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Sichuan Provincial Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital were prospectively enrolled. Based on inoculation with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before ovarian stimulation (OS) by a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist or agonist protocol, the patients were divided into the vaccinated group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 713) and the unvaccinated group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 545). The vaccinated group were sub-grouped based on the dose of inoculation (single dose, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 74; double dose, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 275; and triple dose, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 126) and the interval between the first inoculation and OS (&amp;lt;3 months, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 65; 3\u20136 months, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 123; and &amp;gt;6 months, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 287).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rates of mature oocytes, normal fertilization, cleavage embryo, high-quality cleavage embryo, blastocysts, and high-quality blastocysts were not significantly different between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). For fresh embryo transfer, the implantation rate (IR), the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), the live birth rate (LBR), the gestational age at delivery, and the birth weight of infants were not significantly different between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). The IR, CPR, LBR, and birth weight of infants were not significantly different for both the dose and interval subgroups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines may not affect the outcomes of IVF-ET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1491259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:10:44Z","timestamp":1749528644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of inoculation with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a cohort study of 1,258 women from Sichuan, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jia-jing","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong-ning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Li-Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.076","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) vaccines structure, mechanisms and effectiveness: A review","volume":"188","author":"Fathizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.09.010","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): current status and prospects for drug and vaccine development","volume":"52","author":"Ita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1875824","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine: where are we now and where should we go","volume":"20","author":"Soleimanpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.018","article-title":"Could live attenuated vaccines better control COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Okamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.05.008","article-title":"A rapid strategy for constructing novel simian adenovirus vectors with high viral titer and expressing highly antigenic proteins applicable for vaccine development","volume":"268","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6944e3","article-title":"Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status - United States, January 22-October 3, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Zambrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e217523","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.7523","article-title":"Association of maternal perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection with neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts","volume":"4","author":"Angelidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.683440","article-title":"Exploring the immunopathogenesis of pregnancy with COVID-19 at the vaccination era","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.735394","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and lactation: current research and gaps in understanding","volume":"11","author":"Shook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060675","article-title":"Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers in cord blood after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in Polish healthcare workers: preliminary results","volume":"9","author":"Zdanowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1937991","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"35","author":"Brillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00757-6","article-title":"Does mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine influence patients\u2019 performance during IVF-ET cycle","volume":"19","author":"Orvieto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004713","article-title":"In vitro fertilization and early pregnancy outcomes after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination","volume":"139","author":"Aharon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.02.025","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and infertility treatment outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Avraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab282","article-title":"The effect of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels","volume":"37","author":"Mohr-Sasson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa284","article-title":"Undetectable viral RNA in oocytes from SARS-CoV-2 positive women","volume":"36","author":"Barragan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab182","article-title":"Ovarian follicular function is not altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Bentov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00502-9","article-title":"Failure to detect viral RNA in follicular fluid aspirates from a SARS-CoV-2-positive woman","volume":"28","author":"Demirel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.05.017","article-title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have no effect on endometrial receptivity after euploid embryo transfer","volume":"45","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01345-9","article-title":"Does the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and its serum IgG levels affect fertility treatments and obstetric outcomes? An observational cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107715","article-title":"Effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chile","volume":"385","author":"Jara","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02543-8","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 vaccination status, vaccine type, and vaccination interval on IVF pregnancy outcomes in infertile couples","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S347729","article-title":"No Effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on in vitro fertilization outcomes: A propensity score-matched study","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac160","article-title":"Inactivated COVID-19 vaccination does not affect in vitro fertilization outcomes in women","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2236609","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36609","article-title":"Association between time interval from COVID-19 vaccination to in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate after fresh embryo transfer","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac220","article-title":"Inactivated Covid-19 vaccine did not undermine live birth and neonatal outcomes of women with frozen-thawed embryo transfer","volume":"37","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S407773","article-title":"Effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 inactivated vaccine on the outcome of frozen embryo transfers: a large scale clinical study","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12528","article-title":"Effects of inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations on the IVF\/ICSI-ET live birth rate and pregnancy complication in a population of southern China: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00648-2","article-title":"Growth hormone alleviates oxidative stress and improves the IVF outcomes of poor ovarian responders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.08.094","article-title":"Reprint of: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in novel reproductive technologies: prevention and treatment","volume":"112","author":"Navot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der037","article-title":"The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting","volume":"26","author":"Balaban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1030201","article-title":"Analysis of relative factors and prediction model for optimal ovarian response with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.01.002","article-title":"Does mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in oocyte donors impact ovarian stimulation parameters or IVF outcomes for recipients","volume":"46","author":"Bosch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009689","article-title":"Endometrial thickness as a predictor of the reproductive outcomes in fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study of 1512 IVF cycles with morphologically good-quality blastocyst","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.06.026","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle","volume":"114","author":"Henarejos-Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab122","article-title":"State of assisted reproduction technology in the coronavirus disease 2019 era and consequences on human reproductive system","volume":"105","author":"Chandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B38","unstructured":"ESHRE statement on COVID-19 vaccination and medically assisted reproduction"},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"ASRM patient management and clinical recommendations during the (coronavirus COVID-19) pandemic: update no. 13-variants, vaccines, and vaccination\n          \n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn101441-20210220-00076","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination strategy for planning pregnancy and assisted reproductive technology treatment: expert recommendations","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Reprod Contracep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1491259\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:10:46Z","timestamp":1749528646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1491259\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1491259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1491259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2392"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"article-number":"1491259"}}