{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:43:00Z","timestamp":1779223380711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism (PH) is a rare clinical condition caused by relative or absolute androgen excess after menopause. Tumorous or non-tumorous ovarian diseases can cause PH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this two-section hybrid study, the first section describes the case of a patient with PH caused by an ovarian disease and surgically treated. The second section shows the results of a scoping review with individual patient data (IPD) analysis, which was performed to define the biochemical and clinical features of PH patients with tumorous or non-tumorous ovarian diseases surgically treated. All PH cases caused by anything but ovarian disease and\/or without surgical indication and\/or without histological diagnosis were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to imaging suspicion, our PH patient underwent robotic hysterectomy with bilateral ovariectomy. A Leydig cell tumor stage 1A was diagnosed. At 6 months after surgery, the PH was resolved. Overall, the IPD analysis included 280 PH patients with ovarian diseases (oPH) surgically treated. Among them, histological examination showed 174 tumorous oPH and 106 non-tumorous oPH. Patients with tumorous oPH showed lower body mass index and lower levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as higher levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-OH progesterone, and estradiol compared with non-tumorous oPH patients. We defined the levels of testosterone (\u22659.8 nmol\/L), LH (\u226415 mUI\/ml), FSH (\u226435 mUI\/ml), and DHEA-S (\u22651.6 \u03bcmol\/L) able to differentiate between tumorous and non-tumorous oPH patients with suitable sensitivity (\u226568.6%) and specificity (\u226572.7%). No PH recurrence was described after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results provide useful biochemical parameters to support the diagnosis of ovarian tumor in patients with oPH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1495930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:10:29Z","timestamp":1754021429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Postmenopausal ovarian hyperandrogenism of surgically treated patients: a case report and scoping review with individual patient\u2019s data analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Forte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanfranco","family":"D\u2019Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Vergatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunzia","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"De Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Venetucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Di Crescenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perruolo","family":"Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Formisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attilio","family":"Di Spiezio Sardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pivonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Rendina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0581","article-title":"Ovarian androgen production in postmenopausal women","volume":"92","author":"Fogle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)60609-x","article-title":"Decreasing serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin around the menopause and temporary relation to changing levels of ovarian steroids, as demonstrated in a longitudinal study","volume":"51","author":"Gershagen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0468","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism after menopause","volume":"172","author":"Markopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02050-5","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Dubey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112589","article-title":"Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race\/Ethnicity","volume":"15","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","author":"Moola","year":"2020"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00099","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0379.2011.07802.x","article-title":"Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men","volume":"6","author":"Blumeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081922","article-title":"Hirsutism, normal androgens and diagnosis of PCOS","volume":"12","author":"Spritzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52163.x","article-title":"Acquired clitoral enlargement, Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"816","author":"Horejs\u00ed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac673","article-title":"Approach to investigation of hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman","volume":"108","author":"Hirschberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05369.x","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and acne in male patients","volume":"148","author":"Degitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","article-title":"The diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2023.2192475","article-title":"Secondary erythrocytosis","volume":"16","author":"Babakhanlou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"Il Progetto cuore, carte del rischio cardiovascolare"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad590","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and cardiometabolic risk in pre- and postmenopausal women-what is the evidence","volume":"109","author":"Hirschberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29190","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29190","article-title":"Robot-assisted surgery in gynecology","volume":"14","author":"Bankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy206","article-title":"TNM classification of gynaecological Malignant tumours, eighth edition: changes between the seventh and eighth editions","volume":"49","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"WHO classification\n          \n          \n            \n              Adhikari\n              L\n            \n            \n              Hassell\n              LA\n            \n          \n          WHO website Pathology Outlines\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00531-2","article-title":"Hypothalamic-ovarian axis and adiposity relationship in polycystic ovary syndrome: physiopathology and therapeutic options for the management of metabolic and inflammatory aspects","volume":"13","author":"Lonardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2021.12.004","article-title":"Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709620933416","article-title":"Expression of key androgen-activating enzymes in ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified","volume":"8","author":"Valenzuela Scheker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-021-00840-x","article-title":"Simultaneous expression of steroid sulfatase and androgen receptor reduced overall survival of patients with epithelial ovarian tumors","volume":"14","author":"Calvillo-Robledo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.705375","article-title":"Leydig cell hyperplasia and Leydig cell tumour in postmenopausal women: report of two cases","volume":"29","author":"Hofland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac25","article-title":"Tumor-induced osteomalacia: A systematic review and individual patient\u2019s data analysis","volume":"107","author":"Rendina","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad690","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor causing tumor-induced osteomalacia","volume":"109","author":"Abate","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278702025001006","article-title":"To IPD or not to IPD? Advantages and disadvantages of systematic reviews using individual patient data","volume":"25","author":"Stewart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-14","article-title":"The strengths and limitations of meta-analyses based on aggregate data","volume":"5","author":"Lyman","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1495930\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:10:31Z","timestamp":1754021431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1495930\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1495930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1495930","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"article-number":"1495930"}}