{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:15:43Z","timestamp":1785222943266,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Globally, non-communicable diseases contribute to about three-quarters of all deaths. Developing nations face particular difficulties with the concurrent presence of diabetes and high blood pressure, problems intensified by poor nutrition habits, lack of physical exercise, and continuing high rates of illnesses like HIV\/AIDS and malaria. A significant data gap in primary healthcare (PHC) data has been determined and prioritized by governments seeking to assess and enhance the prevention and management of chronic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>The main aim of the current study is to determine factors related to hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes in public PHC facilities in Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 6 March 2023 to 5 April 2023 among 409 patients with diabetes. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. For descriptive statistics, both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Variables with a p<\/jats:italic>-value &lt;0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as significantly associated with outcome variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 407 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in the current study with a response rate of 99.5%, and the mean age of the study participants was 57.1 years (SD \u00b19.91). The prevalence of hypertension among patients with T2DM was 66.1% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 59.9\u201370.3. The age group of &gt;60 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.09, 95% CI (1.02\u20134.28)], patients with \u226510 years\u2019 duration of T2DM [AOR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.05\u20133.03)], body mass index \u226525 kg\/m2<\/jats:sup> [AOR = 4.19, 95% CI (2.10\u20138.33)], and patients who have a family history of hypertension [AOR = 11.73, 95% CI (5.82\u201323.66)] were significantly associated with hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The prevalence of hypertension is high and the majority has poor blood pressure control. Hence, DM care providers and other health sector stakeholders have to work in collaboration to prevent it by designing appropriate strategies especially for those at higher risk of developing hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:10:56Z","timestamp":1754021456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence from a resource-limited setting\u2014Southern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Begidu","family":"Yakob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eskinder","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesfin Menza","family":"Jaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awoke","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tagese","family":"Yakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Hypertension\n \n \n \n 2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04394","article-title":"Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Ataklte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539569","article-title":"Hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations","volume":"112","author":"Opie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244642","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tiruneh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"WHO Classification of diabetes mellitus"},{"key":"B7","year":"2021"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"109119","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","author":"Sun","year":"2022"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"WHO Africa region"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030158","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adult residents of Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Bantie","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2468-8827.184853","article-title":"WHO. Global report on diabetes: a summary","volume":"1","author":"Roglic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Noncommun Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/XCE.0000000000000114","article-title":"Hypertension in diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Sunkara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Iran","volume":"1","author":"Larejani","year":"2001","journal-title":"ijdld"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz185.197","article-title":"Impact of nutritional risk factors on chronic noncommunicable diseases","volume":"29","author":"Grosso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz185.196","article-title":"Global trends of chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors","volume":"29","author":"Di Cesare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093336","article-title":"Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Addo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/IBPC.S47298","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in southwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"6","author":"Gudina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr Blood Press Control"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2451","article-title":"State of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity in Kuwait: showcasing the trends as seen in native versus expatriate populations","volume":"36","author":"Channanath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107838","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and its association with hypertension in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.03.009","article-title":"Hypertension and diabetes mellitus as a predictive risk factors for stroke","volume":"12","author":"Alloubani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol Synd Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048740","article-title":"Blood pressure effects of Canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: insights from the CREDENCE trial","volume":"143","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000818","article-title":"MELD. Stratified outcomes among recipients with diabetes or hypertension","volume":"52","author":"Singal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17981","article-title":"Hypertension in diabetes: an update of basic mechanisms and clinical disease","volume":"78","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60987-8","article-title":"Diabetes and hypertension: the bad companions","volume":"380","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq266","article-title":"Glucose, insulin, and incident hypertension in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"172","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00434.x","article-title":"Comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension: mechanisms and approach to target organ protection","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11122-y","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and their interaction effects on cardiocerebrovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256399","article-title":"Determinants of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on followup at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa: a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Kotiso","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0062-9","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension among federal ministry civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a call for a workplace-screening program","volume":"15","author":"Angaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S254537","article-title":"Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"Akalu","year":"2020"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S235981","article-title":"Epidemiology of general, central obesity and associated cardio-metabolic risks among University Employees, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Janakiraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diab. Metabol. Synd. Obes Targets Ther"},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults","year":"2021"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hypertension in Saudi Arabia","volume":"28","author":"Al-Nozha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B36","article-title":"Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment","author":"Faselis","year":"2017"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6156.1000792","article-title":"Prevalence of Hypertension among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Socio Demographic Factors in Nigist Ellen Mohamed Memorial Hospital Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Tadesse","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6156.1000808","article-title":"Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Management Pattern among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Dedefo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001540","article-title":"Evaluation of hypertension control in Greek primary care units. The VANK study","volume":"17","author":"Skliros","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertension"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.154","article-title":"Predictors of blood pressure control among hypertensives in community health centers","volume":"24","author":"Shelley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hypertension"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"68","article-title":"Prevalence and Control of Hypertension in Iraqi Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"4","author":"Mansour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"68","article-title":"Prevalence and Control of Hypertension in Iraqi Diabetic Patients : A Prospective Cohort Study","author":"Mansour","year":"2019"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases","volume":"916","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.03.025","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of diabetes in Bangladesh: a scoping review","volume":"138","author":"Biswas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.12.17062","article-title":"Microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetic mellitus in central, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"37","author":"Alaboud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4440-3","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study","volume":"19","author":"Afroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies","volume":"363","author":"Consultation","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/AJMAH\/2017\/35830","article-title":"Prevalence of Hypertension among Diabetic Patients in Benghazi: A Study of Associated Factors","volume":"6","author":"Nouh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Med Heal"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.4081\/jphia.2023.2068","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in a sample of community member in a low-income peri-urban setting in Gaborone, Botswana","volume":"14","author":"Janse Van Rensburg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Public Health Afr"},{"key":"B51","article-title":"Interpretation of the 2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Gen Pract"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125210","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension: a cros-sectional community based study in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Abebe","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2966-1","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Asresahegn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20181264","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in a rural community in Bayelsa State","volume":"6","author":"Egbi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-7969.165168","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among residents of Ibadan-North Local Government Area of Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Ajayi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Niger J Cardiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199403000-00015","article-title":"Concordance, discordance and prevalence of hypertension in World War II male veteran twins","volume":"12","author":"Carmelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5491838","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5491838","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension: a cross-sectional study in urban varanasi","volume":"2017","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hyp"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02523.x","article-title":"Prevalence and projections of diabetes and pre-diabetes in adults in Sri Lanka\u2013Sri Lanka Diabetes, Cardiovascular Study (SLDCS)","volume":"25","author":"Katulanda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"B59","article-title":"A study of the basic and derived anthropometric indices among the healthy adults (20\u201330 years of age) of amritsar city (punjab) having family history of hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Biol Med Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14D","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90267-3","article-title":"Can the genetic factors influence\u00a0the treatment of systemic hypertension? The case of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"70","author":"Corvol","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290270033016","article-title":"Family (parental) history and prevalence of hypertension. Results of a nationwide screening program","volume":"241","author":"Stamler","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/6.11.319S","article-title":"Genetic basis of familial dyslipidemia and hypertension: 15-year results from Utah","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.1.96","article-title":"Familial hypertension, insulin, sympathetic activity, and blood pressure elevation","volume":"32","author":"Masuo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension amongst persons with diabetes mellitus in Benin City","volume":"14","author":"Unadike","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nigeria"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534852\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:11:00Z","timestamp":1754021460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534852\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"article-number":"1534852"}}