{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:38:28Z","timestamp":1792024708329,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between the Glycemic Risk Index (GRI) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and evaluate the clinical utility of GRI for early vascular risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 450 previously untreated patients with T2DM prior to hospitalization. We calculated GRI using CGM data and assessed CIMT with high-resolution ultrasound. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses assessed the association between GRI and CIMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated GRI\u2019s predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant positive correlation between GRI and CIMT (r = 0.42, P &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, GRI remained an independent predictor of CIMT thickening (OR = 7.226, 95% CI: 5.597\u20138.856, P &amp;lt; 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that GRI alone predicted abnormal CIMT with an AUC of 0.869.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GRI is a robust marker for predicting CIMT thickening in T2DM patients, providing a novel approach for cardiovascular risk stratification. This study underscores the potential of integrating GRI into routine diabetes management to improve vascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1563734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T10:17:32Z","timestamp":1750328252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between glycemia risk index and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 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