{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:09:21Z","timestamp":1791994161092,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting adolescent and young adult females, yet global data on its burden and trends remains limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 for females aged 10\u201324 years in 204 countries (1990-2021). Metrics included cases, age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Future trends (2022-2036) and disease reduction gaps were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, global PCOS cases increased by 56% (incidence), 59% (prevalence), and 58% (DALYs). ASIR rose from 49.45 to 63.26 per 100,000, with an AAPC of 0.8. Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania had the fastest growth, while high-SDI regions bore the highest burden. Girls aged 10\u201314 showed the steepest age-specific increase. Nationally, the largest increases occurred in Equatorial Guinea, Maldives, and Myanmar, while Italy saw a decline. Forecasts through 2036 indicate continued increases in ASIR (+8.32%), ASPR (+10.87%), and ASDR (+10.39%). Frontier analysis highlighted unachieved reduction potential, especially in high-SDI countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCOS burden among adolescents and young adults has significantly risen globally with disparities by region, SDI, and age, warranting urgent and equitable public health strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1569694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T04:13:14Z","timestamp":1747023194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evolving global trends in PCOS burden: a three-decade analysis (1990\u20132021) with projections to 2036 among adolescents and young 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